Paper Titles

Flow Characteristics around Circular Cylinders with a Normal Slit
p.48

LAD2D: A Computer Code for Detonation Fluid Dynamics Problems with Large Distortion and Internal Slip
p.58

A Design-Variable-Based Computational Study on the Unsteady Internal-Flow Characteristics of the Urea-SCR Injector for Commercial Vehicles
p.64

A Mathematical Formulation for Calculating Temperature Dependent Friction Coefficient Values: Application in Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
p.73

A Deep Insight to Secondary Flows
p.83

Modeling of Laser-Soft Tissue Interactions Using the Dual-Phase Lag Equation: Sensitivity Analysis with Respect to Selected Tissue Parameters
p.108

Moisture Diffusion in Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites: Effect of Clay Filler Treatments
p.124

Examination of Thermal Parameters, Primary Dendritic Spacings and Microhardness of a Horizontally Solidified Al-Cu-Mg Ternary Alloy
p.133

Effect of Entrainment Ratio and Subcooling Degree on Dual System of Cooling-Thermal Energy Conversion Applying Ejector
p.140

HomeDefect and Diffusion ForumDefect and Diffusion Forum Vol. 379A Deep Insight to Secondary Flows

A Deep Insight to Secondary Flows

Article Preview

Abstract:

Flow through turbine stages is three-dimensional and highly complex due to secondary flows, axial and tip clearances, 3D blades, rotational effects, varying fluid properties, turbulence effects, boundary layer development, etc. Secondary flows presence in turbines is identified as one of the main reason for losses and less efficiency performance. Hence in turbines, the need for understanding of secondary flows mechanisms and application of methods for their reduction is significant. This study is targeted to the discussion of secondary flows, аs follows: analysis of reasons for their development in turbine stages; influence on flow parameters distribution, efficiency of energy conversion and the overall aerodynamic performance of the turbo aggregate and ways to reduce their presence in the flow structure. As a result of the fulfilled intensive research works, a methodology for numerical modeling and mechanisms identification of secondary flows, through turbine channels, is attained also. Flow structures, specifics in aerodynamics, flow parameters distribution; interaction effects among vortices, core flow, endwalls and tip leaks, and many other flow features are discussed. An innovative approach to overcome reasons for secondary flows to appear and how to increase efficiency, have been studied and discussed.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Transport Problems with a Focus on Fluid and Heat Flow

Info:

Periodical:

Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 379)

Pages:

83-107

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.379.83

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

November 2017

Authors:

Galina Ilieva Ilieva

Keywords:

CFD Modelling, Corner Vortex, Horseshoe Vortex, Passage Vortex, Secondary Flows, Turbine Efficiency

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions:

Request Permissions

[1] Hawthorne W.R., Secondary circulation in fluid flow. Proc. Roy. Soc.Ser. A, 206 (1951) 374-387.

[2] Puzyrewski R., (1963). Convection of vortex lines in curved ducts as a means for calculation of endwall losses. Trans. IFFM, 17 (1963) 63-108.

[3] Piotr Lampart, Investigation of endwall flows and losses in axial turbines. Part I. Formation of endwall flows and losses. Journal of theoretical and applied mechanics 47(2) (2009) 321-342.

[4] Gregory-Smith D.G., Durham low-speed turbine cascade, Turbomachinery workshop test case No. 3, Proc. ERCOFTAC Seminar and Workshop on Turbomachinery Flow Prediction, I-VIII (1993-2002).

DOI: 10.1115/93-gt-423

[5] Eckerle W.A., Langston L.S., Horseshoe vortex formation around a cylinder. Trans. ASME, J. Turbomachinery, 109 (1987) 278-286.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3262098

[6] Hodson H.P., Dominy R.G., Three-dimensional flow in a low pressure turbine cascade at its design conditions. Trans. ASME, J. Turbomachinery, 109 (1987) 278-286.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3262083

[7] Langston L.S., Crossflows in a turbine cascade passage. Trans. ASME, J. Eng. Power, 102 (1980) 866-874.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3230352

[8] Marchal Ph., Sieverding C.Н., Secondary flows within turbomachinery bladings. Proc. AGARD-CP-24 Secondary Flows in Turbomachines, 11 (1977).

[9] Gregory-Smith, D., Lecture 1: Physics of secondary flows; lecture 2: Secondary flows and vorticity; lecture 3: Secondary loss: Loss generation, effect of blade design, loss correlations and modelling. Lecture Series von Karman Institute for Fluid Mechanics. Secondary and Tip Clearance Flows in Axial Turbines (1997).

DOI: 10.2514/6.1988-3751

[10] Yamamoto, Production and development of secondary flows and losses in two types of straight turbine cascades. part 1: A stator case. part 2: A rotor case. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Turbomachinery, 109 (1987)186–200.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3262084

[11] Harvey, N., Rose, M., Taylor, M., Shahpar, S., Hartland, J., Gregory-Smith, D., Non-axisymmetric turbine end wall design: Part 1: Three dimensional linear design system. ASME Paper 99-GT-337, 1:1 (1999).

DOI: 10.1115/99-gt-337

[12] Sieverding C.H., Recent progress in understanding of basic aspects of secondary flows in turbine blade passages, Trans. ASME, J. Eng. Gas Turbines and Power, 107 (1985) 248-257.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3239704

[13] Liu Y., Yan, H. Lu, L., Numerical Study of the Effect of Secondary Vortex on Three-Dimensional Corner Separation in a Compressor Cascade. International Journal of Turbo and Jet-Engines, 33(1) (2015) 9-18.

DOI: 10.1515/tjj-2014-0039

[14] Christian Dorfner, Alexander Hergt, Eberhard Nicke Reinhard Moenig, Advanced Nonaxisymmetric Endwall Contouring for Axial Compressors by Generating an Aerodynamic Separator - Part I: Principal Cascade Design and Compressor Application, J. Turbomach 133(2) (2010).

DOI: 10.1115/1.4001223

[15] Sharma O.P., Butler T.L., Prediction of endwall losses and secondary flows in axial flow turbine cascades, Trans. ASME J. Turbomachinery, 109 (1987) 229-236.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3262089

[16] Goldstein R.J., Spores R.A., Turbulent transport on the endwall in the region between adjacent turbine blades. Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, 110 (1988) 862-869.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3250586

[17] Doerffer P., Amecke J., Secondary flow control and stream-wise vortices formation, ASME Paper 94-GT-376 (1994).

DOI: 10.1115/94-gt-376

[18] Doerffer P., Rachwalski J., Magagnato F., Numerical investigation of the secondary flow development in turbine cascade. TASK Q., 5(2) (2001) 165-178.

[19] Wang H.P, Olson S.J., Goldstein R.J., Eckert E.R.G., Flow visualisation of a linear turbine cascade of high performance turbine blades, Trans. ASME J. Turbomachinery, 119 (1997) 1-8.

DOI: 10.1115/1.2841006

[20] Henrik Orsan, Investigation of secondary flow in low aspect ratio turbines using CFD, Ph. D. Thesis, (2014).

[21] Vogt, D., Lecture notes, MJ2241 Jet Propulsion Engines, General Course, KTH (2009).

[22] Gardzilewicz A., Lampart P., Świrydczuk J., Kosowski K., Investigation of flow losses in turbine blading systems using CFD, Part I. Calculation method. Turbomachinery (Cieplne Maszyny Przepływowe), 117(1) (2012) 179-186.

[23] Piotr Lampart, Tip leackage flows in turbines. TASK Q. 10 (2) 139–175.

[24] Gibboni A., Menter J.R., Peters P., Wolter K., Pfost H., Breisig V. Interaction of labyrinth seal leakage flow and main flow in an axial turbine. ASME Pap., GT2003-38722 (2003).

DOI: 10.1115/gt2003-38722

[25] Peters P., Breisig V., Giboni A., Lerner C., Pfost H., The influence of the clearance of shrou-ded rotor blades on the development of the flowfield and losses in the subsequent stator. ASME Paper, 2000-GT-478 (2000).

DOI: 10.1115/2000-gt-0487

[26] Daniel C. Knezevici, Controlling secondary flows in very highly-loaded low pressure turbine cascade, Ph.D. Thesis, (2011).

DOI: 10.22215/etd/2012-09671

[27] Benner, M. W., Sjolander, S. A., Moustapha, S. H. (2004), The Influence of Leading Edge Geometry on Secondary Losses in a Turbine Cascades at the Design Incidence, ASME J. Turbomach., 126 (2004) 277-287.

DOI: 10.1115/1.1645533

[28] Dossena, V., D'Ippolito, G. and Pesatori, E. Stagger Angle and Pitch-Chord Ratio Effects on Secondary Flows Downstream of a Turbine Cascade at Several Off-Design Incidences. ASME paper No. GT-2004-54083 (2004).

DOI: 10.1115/gt2004-54083

[29] Zoric, T. (2006). Comparative Study of Secondary Losses for 3 Highly-Loaded Low Pressure Turbine Cascades, Master's thesis, (2004).

[30] Breisig, V., Giboni, A., Lerner, C., Peters, P., and Pfost, H. Experimental examination of the stator flow in a 1.5 stage axial turbine test stand. Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Turbomachinery (2001).

[31] Grant Laidlaw Ingram, Endwall Profiling for the Reduction of Secondary Flow in Turbines, Ph.D. Thesis (2003).

[32] Day, C., Oldfield, M., Lock, G., Aerodynamic performance of an annular cascade of film cooled nozzle guide vanes under engine representative conditions. Experiments in Fluids 29 (2000) 117-129.

DOI: 10.1007/s003489900062

[33] Friedrichs, S., Hodson, H., Dawes, W. Distribution of film-cooling effectiveness on a turbine endwall measured using the ammonia and diazo technique. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Turbomachinery, 118 (1996) 613–621.

DOI: 10.1115/1.2840916

[34] Luzeng J. Zhang, Ruchira Sharma Jaiswal, Turbine Nozzle Endwall Film Cooling Study Using Pressure Sensitive Paint. Journal of Turbomachinery, 123 (4) (2001) 730-738.

DOI: 10.1115/1.1400113

[35] K.A. Thole, D.G. Knost, Heat transfer and film-cooling for the endwall of a first stage turbine vane. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48 (2) (2005) 5255-5269.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.07.036

[36] J.G.E. Cleak, D.G. Gregory-Smith, Turbulence Modeling for Secondary Flow Prediction in a Turbine Cascade, J. Turbomach 114(3) (1992) 590-598.

DOI: 10.1115/1.2929183

[37] M. Hung, P. Ding, P. Chen, Effects of Injection Angle Orientation on Concave and Convex Surfaces Film Cooling. Journal of Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 33 (2) (2009) 292-305.

DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2008.09.011

[38] Chung, J.T., Simon, T.W., Effectiveness of the Gas Turbine Endwall Fences in Secondary Flow Control at Elevated Freestream Turbulence Levels. ASME Paper No. 93-GT-51 (1993).

DOI: 10.1115/93-gt-051

[39] Chung, J.T., Simon, T.W., Buddhavarapu, J., Three-Dimensional Flow Near the Blade/Endwall Junction of Gas Turbine: Application of a Boundary Layer Fence. ASME Paper No. 91-GT-45 (1991).

DOI: 10.1115/91-gt-045

[40] Aunapu, N. V., Volino, R. J., Flack, K. A., Stoddard, R. M., Secondary Flow Measurements in a Turbine Passage with Endwall Flow Modification. ASME J. Turbomach., 122 (2000) 651-658.

DOI: 10.1115/1.1311286

[41] Sauer, H., Mller, R. Vogeler, K., Reduction of Secondary Flow Losses in Turbine Cascades by Leading Edge Modifications at the Endwall. ASME J. Turbomach., 123 (2001) 207-213.

DOI: 10.1115/1.1354142

[42] Krushna Kumar, Mikka Govardhan, Visualization of flow through the turbine blade cascade with optimized streamwise boundary layer fence. Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing 19(1) 57-80.

DOI: 10.1615/jflowvisimageproc.2012004130

[43] Zess, G., Thole, K., Computational Design and Experimental Evaluation of Using a Leading Edge Fillet on a Gas Turbine Vane. ASME J. Turbomach., 124 (2002) 167-175.

DOI: 10.1115/1.1460914

[44] Melissa Harris, Purge and secondary flow interaction control by means of platform circumferential contouring, B.S. Thesis (2002).

[45] Rose, M.G., Non-Axisymetric Endwall Profiling in the HP NGV's of an Axial Flow Gas Turbine. ASME Turbo Expo Proceedings, GT1994-249 (1994).

DOI: 10.1115/94-gt-249

[46] Harvey, N. W., Rose, M. G., Taylor, M. D., Shahpar, S., Hartland, J. C., Gregory-Smith, D. G. (2000).

[47] Schupback, P., Rose, M.G., Gier, J., Influence of Rim Seal Purge Flow on Performance of an Endwall-Profiled Axial Turbine. ASME Turbo Expo Proceedings GT2009-59653 (2009).

DOI: 10.1115/gt2009-59653

[48] Becz, S., M.S. Majewski, L.S. Langston, An Experimental Investigation of Contoured Leading Edges for Secondary Flow Loss Reduction. Proc. ASME Turbo Expo, Paper No. GT2004-53964 (2004).

DOI: 10.1115/gt2004-53964

[49] Deich, M., Zaryankin, A., Filippov, G. Zatsepin, N., Method of Increasing the Efficiency of Turbine Stages with Short Blades, Translation No. 2816, Associated Electrical Industries (Manchester) Limited, (1960).

[50] Hartland, J., Gregory-Smith, D. G., Harvey, N. W., Rose, M. G., Nonaxisymmetric Turbine End Wall Design - Part II: Experimental Validation. ASME J. Turbomach., 122 (2000) 286-293.

DOI: 10.1115/1.555446

[51] Information on www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Fluent6/html/ug/main_pre.htm.

[52] GAMBIT 2 User's Guide, December (2001).

[53] Galina Ilieva, Geometry modelling of 3D turbine stages – how to obtain high quality grid and overcome discretization problems. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 4 (2) (2016) 197-205.

DOI: 10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2829

[54] Awatef A. Hamed, W. Tabakoff, R. B. Rivir, K. Das, P. Arora. Turbine Blade Surface Deterioration by Erosion, Journal of Turbomachinery, 127 / 445 (2005).

DOI: 10.1115/1.1860376

[55] Fadil Mumic, Computational Analysis of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in the Gap Between a Turbine Blade Tip and the Casing, www.vok.Ith.se.