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Book (stand-alone)Genetic resources for farmed seaweeds
Thematic background study
2022Also available in:
No results found.The increasing global population needs to source food from the ocean, which is a much greater area than the land. The ocean is rich with diversified flora and fauna, and both are sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, phytohormones, and bioactive compounds. Thousands of species of macroalgae (seaweed) dominate the vegetation of the seafloor from the intertidal to the subtidal zone. The domestication of several economically important seaweed such as Saccharina, Undaria and Pyropia in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, and Kappaphycus and Eucheuma in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and the United Republic of Tanzania led to the intensive commercial cultivation of these seaweeds. Except for the United Republic of Tanzania, the commercial farming of seaweed, both temperate and tropical species, is centred in Asia. Despite the presence of several economically important seaweeds outside Asia, commercial farming is practised only in a few of non-Asian countries. These include Chile for Gracilaria and Macrocystis (Buschmann et al., 2001); France for Palmaria palmata, Porphyra umbilicalis and Undaria pinnatifida (Netalgae); and Canada for Saccharina latissima in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) (Chopin et al., 2013) and Chondrus crispus. Trial cultivation of Saccharina spp. and P. palmata is now taking place in Western Europe. Seaweeds are farmed mainly for food such as sea vegetables and food ingredients (Bixler and Porse, 2011), as well as feed (Wilke et al., 2015; Norambuena et al., 2015). However, there is increasing interest in their use for biorefinery products that require a vast amount of biomass which must be farmed. -
Book (series)A guide to the seaweed industry 2003
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No results found.At present, the total output of the world's seaweed industry amounts to around US$6 billion, with more than 8 million tonnes of wet seaweed used annually. Seaweeds are widely used as food but are also an important ingredient for the cosmetics industry. They also serve to produce hydrocolloids (alginate, agar and carrageenan), which are used as thickening and gelling agents. This document highlights the rising importance of seaweed farming and shows how an essential Asian food has becom e popular in North and South America as well as in Europe. The report will be useful to those who wish to know more about the seaweed industry, about the markets for commercial seaweeds and about the various sources and methods of production. It is written with a minimum of technical language and is designed to assist in making decisions concerning seaweeds and the seaweed industry. -
Book (stand-alone)Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs 2016
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No results found.World bivalve molluscs production (capture + aquaculture) has been increasing substantially in the last fifty years, going from nearly one million tonnes in 1950 to about 15 million tonnes in 2012. Being filter feeders, bivalves utilise natural plankton and detritus as feed and do not require artificial feeds. But this filter feeding nature is also the reason for the requirement of strict environmental hygiene to produce bivalves safe for human consumption. They tend to concentrate microorganism s, toxins and chemicals from the environment and therefore, their safety management requires stringent sanitary measures to ensure consumer protection. Following the request of Codex Committee on Fish and Fishery Products (CCFFP), FAO/WHO agreed to develop a technical document on the subject of Toxicity Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for marine biotoxins. This document is of high importance for food safety managers in member countries of both FAO and WHO.
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