Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2288-3886
eISSN 2288-3959
    J Nutr Health. 2014 Aug;47(4):268-276. Korean.
    Published online Aug 31, 2014.
    https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.4.268
    © 2014 The Korean Nutrition Society
    Original Article

    Dietary total sugar intake of Koreans: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2011

    Haeng-Shin Lee,1 Sung-ok Kwon,1 Miyong Yon,1 Dohee Kim,1 Jee-Yeon Lee,1 Jiwoon Nam,1 Seung-joo Park,1 Jee-young Yeon,2 Soon-kyu Lee,2 Hye-young Lee,2 Oh-sang Kwon,2 and Cho-il Kim3
      • 1Nutrition Policy and Promotion Team, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk 363-700, Korea.
      • 2Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungbuk 363-700, Korea.
      • 3Bureau of Health Industry Promotion, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk 363-700, Korea.
    • To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-43-713-8611, Email: kimci@khidi.or.kr
    Received July 21, 2014; Revised August 08, 2014; Accepted August 19, 2014.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    The aim of this study is to estimate total sugar intake and identify major food sources of total sugar intake in the diet of the Korean population.

    Methods

    Dietary intake data of 33,745 subjects aged one year and over from the KNHANES 2008-2011 were used in the analysis. Information on dietary intake was obtained by one day 24-hour recall method in KNHANES. A database for total sugar content of foods reported in the KNHANES was established using Release 25 of the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, a total sugar database from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and information from nutrition labeling of processed foods. With this database, total sugar intake of each subject was estimated from dietary intake data using SAS.

    Results

    Mean total sugar intake of Koreans was 61.4 g/person/day, corresponding to 12.8% of total daily energy intake. More than half of this amount (35.0 g/day, 7.1% of daily energy intake) was from processed foods. The top five processed food sources of total sugar intake for Koreans were granulated sugar, carbonated beverages, coffee, breads, and fruit and vegetable drinks. Compared to other age groups, total sugar intake of adolescents and young adults was much higher (12 to 18 yrs, 69.6 g/day and 19 to 29 yrs, 68.4 g/day) with higher beverage intake that beverage-driven sugar amounted up to 25% of total sugar intake.

    Conclusion

    This study revealed that more elaborated and customized measures are needed for control of sugar intake of different subpopulation groups, even though current total sugar intake of Koreans was within the range (10-20% of daily energy intake) recommended by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. In addition, development of a more reliable database on total sugar and added sugar content of foods commonly consumed by Koreans is warranted.

    Keywords
    total sugar intake; beverage; Koreans

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    Total sugar intake as a percentage of daily energy intake by age in Koreans.

    Fig. 2
    Distribution of total sugar intake among different food groups by age in Koreans.

    Fig. 3
    Distribution of total sugar intake from beverage among different beverage sources by age in Koreans.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Mean total sugar intake per person per day and its distribution among food groups by age in Koreans

    Table 2
    Major processed food sources contributing to total sugar intake by age in Koreans

    Table 3
    Mean total sugar intake from beverages and its contribution to total sugar intake by age in Koreans

    Notes

    This work was supported by grants from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

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    MeSH Terms
    Adolescent
    Agriculture
    Asians
    Beverages
    Bread
    Carbonated Beverages
    Coffee
    Diet
    Energy Intake
    Food Labeling
    Fruit
    Humans
    Korea
    Nutrition Surveys*
    Recommended Dietary Allowances
    Vegetables
    Young Adult
    Metrics
    Share
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    Funding Information
    PERMALINK