INTERTRIAL-INTERVAL RESPONSE PRODUCED BY FEAR DRIVE

YOSHINORI MATSUYAMA; SHIGETAKA TSUKIOKA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.2.111

YOSHINORI MATSUYAMA, SHIGETAKA TSUKIOKA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1960 Volume 2 Issue 4 Pages 111-119

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.2.111

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Published: 1960 Received: April 14, 1960 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The present paper was conducted with an intention to obtain experimental data on the rate and temporal distribution of the intertrial-interval spontaneous response produced by fear drive which is after-effect of electric shock without external warning signal. Two experiments were performed. Experiment I, as a prelimina-ry study, aimed to compare the rates of the intertrial-interval responses among (1) CS precedes US at a fixed interval, (2) US repeats at a fixed interval without CS, and (3) neither CS nor US is presented in a shuttle box. The results were as follows; in CS-US group, the intertrial-interval response scarcely appeared, the rate of it in US only group appeared fairly low, and in Non-CS-US group, the intertrial-interval response showed much more amount and a decreasing curve. Experi-ment II, as the main study, purposed to analyse temporal changes of fear drive and compare among the rates of intertrial-interval responses of 15 sec., 30 sec. and 60 sec. intervals. The rate of the inter-trial-interval response of 15 sec. interval was very low, that of 30 sec. interval was the second high, and of 60 sec. interval showed the highest. The curves of 30 sec. and 60 sec. groups depicted two pro-cesses of increase and decrease. The establishment of time conditioning was obtained. Several comments were at-tempted for understanding aversive motiva-tion.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AUTHOR Details: Wrong : YOSHINORI MATSUYAMA¹⁾, SHIGETAKA TSUKIOKA²⁾
Right : YOSHINORI MATSUYAMA¹⁾, SHIGETAKA TSUKIOKA¹⁾

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Doshisha University
2) Department of Psychology, Doshisha University

Right :
1) Doshisha University

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BLACK, A. H., & CARLSON, N. J. Traumatic avoidance learning : A note on intertrial-interval responding. J. comp. physiol. Psvchol., 1959, 52, 759-760.
BUGELSKI, B. R., & GOYER, R. A. Temporal con-ditioning vs. anxiety reduction in avoidance learning. Amer. Psychologist, 1950, 5, 264-265.
COPPOCK, H., & MOWRER, O. H. “Spontaneous” responses as “rehearsal”: A study of “overt thinking” in animals. Amer. J. Psychol., 1947, 69, 608-615.
KAMIN, L. J. Traumatic avoidance learning: The effects of CS-US interval with a trace-conditioning procedure. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1954, 47, 65-72.
KORTLANDT, A. Eine Uebersicht der angeborenen Verhaltensweisen des mitterleuopaeischen Kormorans: Ihre Funktion, ontogenetische Entwicklung and phylogenetische Herkunft. Arch. Neerl. Zool., 1940.
MAEDA, Y. A study of displacement activity. J. Osaka Univ., 1959. (a)
MAEDA, Y. Animal society and ritualisation. In animal's society and individual. Tokyo: Iwa-nami, 1959. (b)
MAY, M. A. A experimentally acquired drives. Y. exp. Psychol., 1948, 38, 66-77.
MONTGOMERY, K. C. Exploratory behavior and its relation to spontaneous alternation in a series of maze exposures. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1953, 45, 50-57.
MOWRER, O. H., & KEEHN, J. D. How are intertrial “avoidance” responses reinforced? Psychol. Rev., 1958, 65, 209-221.
MURPHY, J. V., & MILLER, R. E. The effect of intertrial responding on conditioning and extinction of avoidance behavior. 3. exp. Psychol., 1958, 56, 256-261.
SIDMAN, M. Avoidance conditioning with brief shock and no exteroceptive warning signal. Science, 1953, 118, 157-158. (a)
SIDMAN, M. Two temporal parameters of the maintenance of avoidance behavior by the white rat. Y. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1953, 46, 253-261.(b)
SIDMAN, M. The temporal discrimination of avoidance responses. Y. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1954, 47, 399-402.
SIDMAN, M. Some properties of the warning stimulus in avoidance behavior. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1955, 48, 444-450.
SIDMAN, M. Time discrimination and behavior interaction in a free operant situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1956, 49, 469-473.
SIDMAN, M., & BOREN, J. J. A comparison of two types of warning stimulus in an avoidance situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1957, 50, 282-287.
TINBERGEN, N. Die Ueber sprung bewegung. Z. Tierpsychol., 1940, 4.

Right : BLACK, A. H., & CARLSON, N. J. Traumatic avoidance learning: A note on intertrialinterval responding. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1959, 52, 759-760.
BUCELSKI, B. R., & GOYER, R. A. Temporal conditioning vs. anxiety reduction in avoidance learning. Amer. Psychologist, 1950, 5, 264-265.
COPPOCK, H., & MOWRER, O. H. “Spontaneous” responses as “rehearsal”: A study of “overt thinking” in animals. Amer. J. Psychol., 1947, 69, 608-615.
KAMIN, L. J. Traumatic avoidance learning: The effects of CS-US interval with a traceconditioning procedure. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1954, 47, 65-72.
KORTLANDT, A. Eine Uebersicht der angeborenen Verhaltensweisen des mitterleuopaeischen Kormorans: Ihre Funktion, ontogenetische Entwicklung and phylogenetische Herkunft. Arch. Neerl. Zool., 1940.
MAEDA, Y. A study of displacement activity. J. Osaka Univ., 1959.(a)
MAEDA, Y. Animal society and ritualisation. In animal's society and individual. Tokyo: Iwanami, 1959.(b)
MAY, M. A. A experimentally acquired drives. J. exp. Psychol., 1948, 38, 66-77.
MONTGOMERY, K. C. Exploratory behavior and its relation to spontaneous alternation in a series of maze exposures. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1953, 45, 50-57.
MOWRER, O. H., & KEEHN, J. D. How are intertrial “avoidance” responses reinforced? Psychol. Rev., 1958, 65, 209-221.
MURPHY, J. V., & MILLER, R. E. The effect of intertrial responding on conditioning and extinction of avoidance behavior. J. exp. Psychol., 1958, 56, 256-261.
SIDMAN, M. Avoidance conditioning with brief shock and no exteroceptive warning signal. Science, 1953, 118, 157-158.(a)
SIDMAN, M. Two temporal parameters of the maintenance of avoidance behavior by the white rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1953, 46, 253-261.(b)
SIDMAN, M. The temporal discrimination of avoidance responses. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1954, 47, 399-402.
SIDMAN, M. Some properties of the warning stimulus in avoidance behavior. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1955, 48, 444-450.
SIDMAN, M. Time discrimination and behavior interaction in a free operant situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1956, 49, 469-473.
SIDMAN, M., & BOREN, J. J. A compalison of two types of warning stimulus in an avoidance situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1957, 50, 282-287.
TINBERGEN, N. Die Ueber sprung bewegung. Z. Tierpsychol., 1940, 4.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BLACK, A. H., & CARLSON, N. J. Traumatic avoidance learning: A note on intertrialinterval responding. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1959, 52, 759-760.
BUCELSKI, B. R., & GOYER, R. A. Temporal conditioning vs. anxiety reduction in avoidance learning. Amer. Psychologist, 1950, 5, 264-265.
COPPOCK, H., & MOWRER, O. H. “Spontaneous” responses as “rehearsal”: A study of “overt thinking” in animals. Amer. J. Psychol., 1947, 69, 608-615.
KAMIN, L. J. Traumatic avoidance learning: The effects of CS-US interval with a traceconditioning procedure. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1954, 47, 65-72.
KORTLANDT, A. Eine Uebersicht der angeborenen Verhaltensweisen des mitterleuopaeischen Kormorans: Ihre Funktion, ontogenetische Entwicklung and phylogenetische Herkunft. Arch. Neerl. Zool., 1940.
MAEDA, Y. A study of displacement activity. J. Osaka Univ., 1959.(a)
MAEDA, Y. Animal society and ritualisation. In animal's society and individual. Tokyo: Iwanami, 1959.(b)
MAY, M. A. A experimentally acquired drives. J. exp. Psychol., 1948, 38, 66-77.
MONTGOMERY, K. C. Exploratory behavior and its relation to spontaneous alternation in a series of maze exposures. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1953, 45, 50-57.
MOWRER, O. H., & KEEHN, J. D. How are intertrial “avoidance” responses reinforced? Psychol. Rev., 1958, 65, 209-221.
MURPHY, J. V., & MILLER, R. E. The effect of intertrial responding on conditioning and extinction of avoidance behavior. J. exp. Psychol., 1958, 56, 256-261.
SIDMAN, M. Avoidance conditioning with brief shock and no exteroceptive warning signal. Science, 1953, 118, 157-158.(a)
SIDMAN, M. Two temporal parameters of the maintenance of avoidance behavior by the white rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1953, 46, 253-261.(b)
SIDMAN, M. The temporal discrimination of avoidance responses. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1954, 47, 399-402.
SIDMAN, M. Some properties of the warning stimulus in avoidance behavior. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1955, 48, 444-450.
SIDMAN, M. Time discrimination and behavior interaction in a free operant situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1956, 49, 469-473.
SIDMAN, M., & BOREN, J. J. A compalison of two types of warning stimulus in an avoidance situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1957, 50, 282-287.
TINBERGEN, N. Die Ueber sprung bewegung. Z. Tierpsychol., 1940, 4.

Right : BLACK, A. H., & CARLSON, N. J. Traumatic avoidance learning: A note on intertrialinterval responding. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1959, 52, 759-760.
BUGELSKI, B. R., & GOYER, R. A. Temporal conditioning vs. anxiety reduction in avoidance learning. Amer. Psychologist, 1950, 5, 264-265.
COPPOCK, H., & MOWRER, O. H. “Spontaneous” responses as “rehearsal”: A study of “overt thinking” in animals. Amer. J. Psychol., 1947, 69, 608-615.
KAMIN, L. J. Traumatic avoidance learning: The effects of CS-US interval with a traceconditioning procedure. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1954, 47, 65-72.
KORTLANDT, A. Eine Uebersicht der angeborenen Verhaltensweisen des mitterleuopaeischen Kormorans: Ihre Funktion, ontogenetische Entwicklung und phylogenetische Herkunft. Arch. Neerl. Zool., 1940.
MAEDA, Y. A study of displacement activity. J. Osaka Univ., 1959.(a)
MAEDA, Y. Animal society and ritualisation. In animal's society and individual. Tokyo: Iwanami, 1959.(b)
MAY, M. A. A experimentally acquired drives. J. exp. Psychol., 1948, 38, 66-77.
MONTGOMERY, K. C. Exploratory behavior and its relation to spontaneous alternation in a series of maze exposures. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1953, 45, 50-57.
MOWRER, O. H., & KEEHN, J. D. How are intertrial “avoidance” responses reinforced? Psychol. Rev., 1958, 65, 209-221.
MURPHY, J. V., & MILLER, R. E. The effect of intertrial responding on conditioning and extinction of avoidance behavior. J. exp. Psychol., 1958, 56, 256-261.
SIDMAN, M. Avoidance conditioning with brief shock and no exteroceptive warning signal. Science, 1953, 118, 157-158.(a)
SIDMAN, M. Two temporal parameters of the maintenance of avoidance behavior by the white rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1953, 46, 253-261.(b)
SIDMAN, M. The temporal discrimination of avoidance responses. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1954, 47, 399-402.
SIDMAN, M. Some properties of the warning stimulus in avoidance behavior. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1955, 48, 444-450.
SIDMAN, M. Time discrimination and behavior interaction in a free operant situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1956, 49, 469-473.
SIDMAN, M., & BOREN, J. J. A comparison of two types of warning stimulus in an avoidance situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1957, 50, 282-287.
TINBERGEN, N. Die Ueber sprung bewegung. Z. Tierpsychol., 1940, 4.

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