Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2234-8646
eISSN 2234-8840
    Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Jun;14(2):161-170. Korean.
    Published online Jun 30, 2011.
    https://doi.org/10.5223/kjpgn.2011.14.2.161
    Copyright © 2011 The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
    Original Article

    Nutritional Status of Korean Toddlers: From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2009

    Young Ho Kim, M.D., Sun Gun Lee, M.D., Shin Hye Kim, M.D., Yoon Ju Song, Ph.D.,* Ju Young Chung, M.D., Ph.D. and Mi Jung Park, M.D., Ph.D.
      • Department of Pediatrics, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
      • *Department of Food & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
    • Corresponding author (Email: PMJ@paik.ac.kr )
    Received May 06, 2011; Revised June 21, 2011; Accepted June 23, 2011.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    The aim of this study was to investigate the feeding patterns, use of dietary supplements, and nutrient intake of Korean toddlers.

    Methods

    We used data for 930 toddlers who participated in the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2009. Feeding patterns and use of dietary supplements were assessed using standardized questionnaires, and nutrition intake was assessed using the 24 hr recall method.

    Results

    In 2007~2009, 48.7% of toddlers used dietary supplements. Most parents (95.4%) initiated a regime of dietary supplements for their children following the advice of friends or relatives. Only 0.4% of parents followed the advice given by their doctors for dietary supplements use. In the survey of nutrient intake for toddlers, the prevalence of inadequate calcium intake was 53.9% for subjects aged 1 year, 55.2% for 2 years and 65.6% for subjects aged 3 years. The prevalence of inadequate iron intake was 52.0% for subjects aged 1 year, 48.7% for 2 years and 48.4% for subjects aged 3 years. In the survey performed on feeding patterns of toddlers during the infant period, mixed feeding accounted for 57.4%, breast feeding for 32.2%,and formula feeding for 10.4%. Sixty-five percent of toddlers began weaning between 4 and 6 months.

    Conclusions

    This study indicated that a number of toddlers were at risk of inadequate calcium and iron intake. The role of professionals in counseling for qualified dietary intake and dietary supplement use is therefore necessary for Korean toddlers.

    Keywords
    Breast feeding; Dietary supplements; Nutrient intake

    Tables

    Table 1
    General Characteristics of Participants (n=930)

    Table 2
    Feeding Patterns during Infant Period

    Table 3
    Use of Dietary Supplements among Korean Toddlers (N=930)

    Table 4
    Daily Nutrient Intakes of Korean Toddlers according to Age Groups

    Table 5
    Proportions of Toddlers Whose Macronutrient Distributions are Inadequate, Adequate, or Excessive

    Table 6
    Prevalence of Toddlers Whose Nutrient Intakes Were less than Estimated Average Requirement by Age Group

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    MeSH Terms
    Aged
    Breast Feeding
    Calcium
    Child
    Counseling
    Dietary Supplements
    Feeding Behavior
    Friends
    Humans
    Infant
    Iron
    Nutrition Surveys
    Nutritional Status
    Parents
    Prevalence
    Surveys and Questionnaires
    Weaning
    Metrics
    Share
    Tables
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