Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2017, 161(4):339-347 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.046

Mechanisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 action in stromal remodeling and related diseases

Jelena Milenkovica, Maja Milojkovica, Tatjana Jevtovic Stoimenovb, Boris Djindjica, Edita Miljkovicc
a Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis, Serbia
b Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis, Serbia
c Hematology and Clinical Immunology Clinic, Clinical Center in Nis, Serbia

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the main physiologic inhibitor of fibrinolysis. However, it is also involved in many physiological processes such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis and remodeling, cell adhesion, motility, and apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc. The aim of the study was to summarize current knowledge and gain insights into the mechanisms of PAI-1 action in the processes of stromal remodeling and diseases with considerable matrix pathologies (atherosclerosis, tissue fibrosis, cancer metastasis, pregnancy related complications, etc). As a component of an early cellular response to injury, PAI-1 reacts with membrane surface proteins and participates in the initiation of intracellular signaling, specifically cytoskeletal reorganization and motility. Complexity of ECM homeostasis resides in varying relation of the plasminogen system components and other matrix constituents. Inflammatory mediators (transforming growth factor-β and interferon-γ) and hormones (angiotensin II) are in the close interdependent relation with PAI-1. Also, special attention is devoted to the role of increased PAI-1 concentrations due to the common 4G/5G polymorphism. Some of the novel mechanisms of ECM modification consider PAI-1 dependent stabilization of urokinase mediated cell adhesion, control of the vascular endothelial cadherin trafficking and interaction with endothelial cells proteasome, its relation to matrix metalloproteinase 2 and osteopontin, and oxidative inhibition by myeloperoxidase. Targeting and/or alteration of PAI-1 functions might bring benefit to the future therapeutic approaches in diseases where ECM undergoes substantial remodeling.

Keywords: fibrinolysis, cellular adhesion and migration, tissue fibrosis, embryo implantation, cancer metastasis

Received: July 30, 2017; Accepted: October 20, 2017; Prepublished online: November 2, 2017; Published: December 24, 2017  Show citation

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Milenkovic, J., Milojkovic, M., Jevtovic Stoimenov, T., Djindjic, B., & Miljkovic, E. (2017). Mechanisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 action in stromal remodeling and related diseases. Biomedical papers, 161(4), 339-347. doi: 10.5507/bp.2017.046
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