Cholestasis is a pathological process in which bile drainage is poor for a variety of reasons. Many studies have shown that cholestatic liver injury is a neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response, and oxidative stress induced by neutrophils is the main mechanism of liver cell death. The literature summarizes the bile acid signaling pathway, the neutrophil chemotaxis recruitment process during cholestasis, and the oxidative stress damage produced by neutrophil activation, summarizes the latest research progress. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) is a potential therapeutic target for cholestasis that reduces neutrophil aggregation without inhibiting systemic immune status. Early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1) may play a central role in the inflammation induced by cholestasis, and it is also a potential therapeutic target to inhibit the inflammation induced by cholestasis. Strengthening the antioxidant system of hepatocytes to cope with oxidative stress of neutrophils is a feasible treatment for cholestatic liver injury.