Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2951-3146
    Korean J Community Nutr. 2014 Jun;19(3):231-240. Korean.
    Published online Jun 30, 2014.
    https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.3.231
    Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
    Original Article

    Seasonal Differences in Outdoor Activity Time and Serum 25-(OH) Vitamin D Status of Korean Young Women

    Jin-Sook Yoon, and Min-Kyoung Song
      • Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
    • Corresponding author: Jin-Sook Yoon. Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, 1000 Shindang-dong, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, Korea. Tel: (053) 580-5873, Fax: (053) 580-5885, Email: jsook@kmu.ac.kr
    Received February 25, 2014; Revised June 01, 2014; Accepted June 16, 2014.

    This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Objectives

    This study was intended to examine the seasonal differences in outdoor activity times and dietary vitamin D intakes, and explicates their relative impact on improving serum 25-(OH) vitamin D status among Korean young women.

    Methods

    A cross-sectional study was conducted with 135 free-living women aged 19-39 years in Daegu-Kyungbook, Korea. We compared the results from 52 women for the summer and 83 women for the winter. Dietary intake of vitamin D was assessed by 24 hour recall method for non-consecutive three days as well as by food frequency method. Daily outdoor activity times were derived from 24 hour physical activity diary.

    Results

    The average dietary intake of vitamin D of the participants by 24 hour recall method was 3.1 µg during the summer, 3.3 µg during the winter, showing no significant difference between the two seasons. Times spent on outdoor activities (p < 0.01) in the summer (= 23.8 ± 23.6 min) were much longer than that in the winter (= 10.8 ± 13.4 min). The serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels of participants were 17.5 ± 7.5 ng/mL in the summer and 13.4 ± 4.3 ng/mL in the winter, showing that the latter was significantly lower than that of the former (p < 0.001). The serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels of subjects were positively related to outdoor activities (r = 0.315, p < 0.05) during the summer, while related to dietary intake (r = 0.252, p < 0.05) during the winter.

    Conclusions

    In order to improve the current vitamin D status of Korean young women, nutrition education programs should focus on increasing more dietary intake especially during the winter, and performing more outdoor activities in other seasons.

    Keywords
    Young women; outdoor activity; serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D; vitamin D intake

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    Distribution of circulating levels of 25-(OH) vitamin D for summer and winter.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Physical characteristics of the study subjects by season

    Table 2
    Bone health status of the study subjects by season

    Table 3
    Daily energy and nutrient intake of the study subjects by season

    Table 4
    Distribution of the level of vitamin D intake of the study subjects by 24hr recall method

    Table 5
    The intakes of vitamin D estimated from the food frequency method

    Table 6
    Time spent on outdoor activities by season

    Table 7
    Serum levels of 25-(OH) vitamin D by season

    Table 8
    Distribution of serum 25-(OH) vitamin D level

    Table 9
    Correlation coefficients between serum 25-(OH) vitamin D and the results of physiological characteristics, BMD, hours of outdoor activity, vitamin D intake

    Notes

    This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST 2010-0241)

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    MeSH Terms
    Cross-Sectional Studies
    Education
    Female
    Humans
    Korea
    Motor Activity
    Seasons*
    Vitamin D*
    Metrics
    Share
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