Presepsin as a novel sepsis biomarker

doi:10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2014.01.002

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In 2004, a new biomarker sCD14-subtypes (presepsin) was found and its value was shown in the diagnosis and evaluation of sepsis. This article is a brief overview of the new biomarker.
DATA SOURCES: A literature search using multiple databases was performed for articles, especially meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials.
RESULTS: Compared with other markers, presepsin seems to have a better sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sepsis. Presepsin as a biom1arker is not only suitable for the early diagnosis of sepsis, but also for the assessment of its severity and prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Presepsin has a higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sepsis as a new biomarker, and is a predictor for the prognosis of sepsis. More importantly, preseptin seems to play a crucial role as a supplemental method in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Since there is no multicenter study on the relationship between presepsin and sepsis, further studies on the clinical values of presepsin are needed.

Key words: Presepsin, Sepsis, Diagnosis

Qi Zou, Wei Wen, Xin-chao Zhang. Presepsin as a novel sepsis biomarker[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2014, 5(1): 16-19.

References 33

1	Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, et al. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1250-1256. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B pmid: 12682500
2	Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:17-60. Epub 2007 Dec 4. doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0934-2 pmid: 18058085
3	Soong J, Soni N. Sepsis: recognition and treatment. Clin Med 2012; 12:276-280.
4	Longo Dan. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011: 271
5	Lu YH, Liu L, Qiu XH, Yu Q, Yang Y, Qiu HB. Effect of early goal directed therapy on tissue perfusion in patients with septic shock. World J Emerg Med 2013; 4:117-122. pmid: 25215104
6	Guignant C, Voirin N, Venet F, Poitevin F, Malcus C, Bohé J, et al. Assessment of pro-vasopressin and pro-adrenomedullin as predictors of 28-day mortality in septic shock patients. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35:1859-1867. doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1610-5 pmid: 19662382
7	Seligman R, Papassotiriou J, Morgenthaler NG, Meisner M, Teixeira PJ. Prognostic value of midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:2084-2091. pmid: 18523752
8	Wu HP, Chen CK, Chung K, Jiang BY, Yu TJ, Chuang DY. Plasma transforming growth factor-b1 level in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and association with disease severity. J Formos Med Assoc 2009; 108:20-27. doi: 10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60028-0 pmid: 19181604
9	Yaegashi Y, Shirakawa K, Sato N, Suzuki Y, Kojika M, Imai S, et al. Evaluation of a newly identified soluble CD14 subtype as a marker for sepsis. J Infect Chemother 2005; 11:234-238. pmid: 16258819
10	Gong XW, Jiang Y. Structure, function and modulation of actin-related protein 2/3 complex. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2004; 35:306-310. pmid: 15727206
11	Jiang Y, Liu AH, Huang QB. p38 MAPK signal is necessary for TNF-α gene expression in RAW cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 1999; 31:9-15. pmid: 12142907
12	Jiang Y, Xu J, Zhou C, Wu Z, Zhong S, Liu J, et al. Characterrization of cytokine/chemkine profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:850-857. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200407-857OC pmid: 15657466
13	Grunwald U, Krüger C, Westermann J, Lukowsky A, Ehlers M, Schütt C. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of solubilized CD14 in biological fluids. J Immunol Methods 1992; 155:225-232. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(92)90289-6
14	Landmann R, Zimmerli W, Sansano S, Link S, Hahn A, Glauser MP, et al. Increased circulating soluble CD14 is associated with high mortality in gram-negative septic shock. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:639-644. doi: 10.1093/infdis/171.3.639 pmid: 7533199
15	Shirakawa K, Naitou K, Hirose J, Takahashi T, Furusako S. Presepsin (sCD14-ST): development and evaluation of one-step ELISA with a new standard that is similar to the form of presepsin in septic patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:937-939. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.145 pmid: 21345045
16	Mussap M, Noto A, Fravega M, Fanos V. Soluble CD14 subtype presepsin (sCD14-ST) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in neonatal sepsis: new clinical and analytical perspectives for two old biomarkers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24:12-14.
17	Yin K, Dang SC, Zhang JX. Relationship between expression of triggering receptor-1 on myeloid cells in intestinal tissue and intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Med 2011; 2:216-221. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2011.03.011 pmid: 25215013
18	Glück T, Silver J, Epstein M, Cao P, Farber B, Goyert SM. Parameters influencing membrane CDl4 expression and soluble CDl4 levels in sepsis. Eur J Med Res 2001; 6:351-358. pmid: 11549517
19	Brunialti MK, Martins PS, Barbosa de Carvalho H, Machado FR, Barbosa LM, Salomao R. TLR2, TLR4, CDl4, CDllB, and CD11C expressions on monocytes surface and cytokine production in patients with sepsis, sever sepsis, and septic shock. Shock 2006; 25:351-357. doi: 10.1097/01.shk.0000217815.57727.29 pmid: 16670636
20	Shozushima T, Takahashi G, Matsumoto N, Kojika M, Okamura Y, Endo S. Usefulness of presepsin (sCD14-ST) measurements as a marker for the diagnosis and severity of sepsis that satisfied diagnostic criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Infect Chemother 2011; 17:764-769. doi: 10.1007/s10156-011-0254-x pmid: 21560033
21	Spanuth E, Ebelt H, Ivandic B, Werdan K. Diagnostic and prognostic value of presepsin (soluble cd14 subtype) in emergency patients with early sepsis using the new assay PATHFAST Presepsin [C]//21st International Congress of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, IFCC-World Lab-Euro Med Lab, Berlin, 2011: 15-19.
22	Wang HX, Chen B. Diagnostic role of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 in patients with sepsis. World J Emerg Med 2011; 2:190-194. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2011.03.006 pmid: 25215008
23	Tang BM, Eslick GD, Craig JC, McLean AS. Accuracy of procalcitonin for sepsis diagnosis in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007; 7:210-217. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70052-X pmid: 17317602
24	Uzzan B, Cohen R, Nicolas P, Cucherat M, Perret GY. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic test for sepsis in critically ill adults and after surgery or trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1996-2003. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000226413.54364.36 pmid: 16715031
25	Kibe S, Adams K, Barlow G. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis in critical care. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66: doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr372 pmid: 21948964
26	Ng PC, Cheng SH, Chui KM, Fok TF, Wong MY, Wong W, et al. Diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis with cytokines, adhesion molecules, and C-reactive protein in preterm very low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1997; 77:F221-227. doi: 10.1136/fn.77.3.f221 pmid: 9462194
27	Endo S, Suzuki Y, Takahashi G, Shozushima T, Ishikura H, Murai A, et al. Usefulness of perception in the diagnosis of sepsis in a multicenter prospective study. J Infect Chemother 2012; 18:891-897. doi: 10.1007/s10156-012-0435-2 pmid: 22692596
28	JATOS Study Group. Principal results of the Japanese trial to assess optimal systolic blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients (JATOS). Hypertens Res 2008; 31:2115-2127. doi: 10.1291/hypres.31.2115 pmid: 19139601
29	Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:296-327. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000298158.12101.41 pmid: 18158437
30	Okamura Y, Yokoi H. Development of a point-of-care assay system for measurement of presepsin (sCD14-ST). Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:2157-2161. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.07.024 pmid: 21839732
31	Vodnik T, Kaljevic G, Tadic T, Majkic-Singh N. Presepsin (sCD14-ST) in preoperative diagnosis of abdominal sepsis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:2053-2062. pmid: 23740685
32	Liu B, Chen YX, Yin Q, Zhao YZ, Li CS. Diagnostic value and prognostic evaluation of Presepsin for sepsis in an emergency department. Crit Care 2013; 17:R244. [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1186/cc13070 pmid: 24138799
33	Umemura T, Ishikura H, Nakamura Y, Hoshino K, Nishida T, Kamitani T. Defining the need for a massive transfusion in severe blunt traumatic patients. Crit Care 2013; 17:S367.

[1]	Jehad A. Rababah, Mohammed M. Al-Hammouri, Esra’a AlNsour. Effectiveness of an educational program on improving healthcare providers’ knowledge of acute stroke: A randomized block design study [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2021, 12(2): 93-98.
[2]	Li-wei Duan, Jin-long Qu, Jian Wan, Yong-hua Xu, Yi Shan, Li-xue Wu, Jin-hao Zheng, Wei-wei Jiang, Qi-tong Chen, Yan Zhu, Jian Zhou, Wen-bo Yu, Lei Pei, Xi Song, Wen-fang Li, Zhao-fen Lin. Effects of viral infection and microbial diversity on patients with sepsis: A retrospective study based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2021, 12(1): 29-35.
[3]	Hai-jiang Zhou, Tian-fei Lan, Shu-bin Guo. Outcome prediction value of National Early Warning Score in septic patients with community-acquired pneumonia in emergency department: A single-center retrospective cohort study [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020, 11(4): 206-215.
[4]	Yu-ming Wang, Yan-jun Zheng, Ying Chen, Yun-chuan Huang, Wei-wei Chen, Ran Ji, Li-li Xu, Zhi-tao Yang, Hui-qiu Sheng, Hong-ping Qu, En-qiang Mao, Er-zhen Chen. Effects of fluid balance on prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients secondary to sepsis [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020, 11(4): 216-222.
[5]	Miao Yuan, Ding-yi Yan, Fang-shi Xu, Yi-di Zhao, Yang Zhou, Long-fei Pan. Effects of sepsis on hippocampal volume and memory function [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020, 11(4): 223-230.
[6]	Wen-peng Yin, Jia-bao Li, Xiao-fang Zheng, Le An, Huan Shao, Chun-sheng Li. Effect of neutrophil CD64 for diagnosing sepsis in emergency department [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020, 11(2): 79-86.
[7]	Shao-hua Liu, Huo-yan Liang, Hong-yi Li, Xian-fei Ding, Tong-wen Sun, Jing Wang. Effect of low high-density lipoprotein levels on mortality of septic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020, 11(2): 109-116.
[8]	Hong-yi Wu, Ju-ying Qian, Qi-bing Wang, Jun-bo Ge. An unexpected electrocardiogram sign of subacute left ventricular free wall rupture: Its early awareness may be lifesaving [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020, 11(2): 117-119.
[9]	Yi-wen Fan, Shao-wei Jiang, Jia-meng Chen, Hui-qi Wang, Dan Liu, Shu-ming Pan, Cheng-jin Gao. A pulmonary source of infection in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury leads to a worse outcome and poor recovery of kidney function [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020, 11(1): 18-26.
[10]	Kimberly A. Chambers, Adam Y. Park, Rosa C. Banuelos, Bryan F. Darger, Bindu H. Akkanti, Annamaria Macaluso, Manoj Thangam, Pratik B. Doshi. Outcomes of severe sepsis and septic shock patients after stratification by initial lactate value [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2018, 9(2): 113-117.
[11]	Muhammad Akbar Baig, Hira Shahzad, Erfan Hussain, Asad Mian. Validating a point of care lactate meter in adult patients with sepsis presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital of a low- to middle-income country [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2017, 8(3): 184-189.
[12]	Chang-Chih Tsai, Chien-Chin Hsu, Kuo-Tai Chen. Infected aortic and iliac aneurysms: Clinical manifestations in the emergency departments of two hospitals in southern Taiwan, China [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2017, 8(2): 121-125.
[13]	Chao Cao, Tao Ma, Yan-fen Chai, Song-tao Shou. The role of regulatory T cells in immune dysfunction during sepsis [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2015, 6(1): 5-9.
[14]	Kun Chen, Qiu-xiang Zhou, Hong-wei Shan, Wen-fang Li, Zhao-fen Lin. Prognostic value of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs as a valuable biomarker for patients with sepsis in ICU [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2015, 6(1): 40-43.
[15]	Hui Fu, Qiao-sheng Wang, Qiong Luo, Si Tan, Hua Su, Shi-lin Tang, Zheng-liang Zhao, Li-ping Huang. Simvastatin inhibits apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by sepsis through upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2014, 5(4): 291-297.