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2017, vol. 45, br. 3, str. 435-440
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Optimizacija udara kompozitnog prigušivača pod uticajem dinamičkog aksijalnog loma
On design optimization of a composite impact attenuator under dynamic axial crushing
aUniversity of Camerino, School of Science and Technology, Mathematics division, Camerino, Italy bTorino, Italy cPolitecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Torino, Italy
e-adresa: simonetta.boria@unicam.it
Ključne reči: crashworthiness; optimization; surrogate model; axial crushing; LS-OPT; LS-DYNA
Sažetak
Motorizacija donosi dva velika izazova savremenom društvu. Prvo, bezbednost puteva i vozila postaje sve značajnija, što je posebno pojačalo zakonodavne uslove za uvođenje efikasnije zaštite sistema na vozilu. Drugo, postoji sve veći problem u okruženju i održivosti, što u velikoj meri gura standarde ka smanjenju potrošnje goriva. Iz tih razloga, automobilska industrija je posvetila značajan napor da isporuči više vozila otpotnih na udar radi istovremenog rešavanja ova dva pitanja. Tokom protekle dve decenije optimizacija konstrukcija je razvijena kao moćno sredstvo za pretragu vozila koja su najotpornija na udar sa najlakšom mogućom strukturom za različita vozila, stoga otpimizacija postaje važna tema istraživanja. U optimizaciji otpora na udar, direktna metoda može biti neefikasna, jer iterativna nelinearna FEA metoda tokom optimizacije obično zahteva velike računarske napore i dovodi do visokog rizika od prevremenog neuspeha simulacije pre korektne konvergencije. Kao rezultat toga, surogatni modeli (ili metamodeli) se sve češće koriste kao alternativa za formulisanje projektantnih kriterijuma u pogledu eksplicitnih promenljivih funkcija dizajna u unapredoj optimizaciji, koji je dokazano efikasan i ponekad jedinstven pristup. Ideja surogat modeliranja je da izgradi približno funkciju na osnovu niza procena različitih uzoraka, u kome je dizajn obično primerak korišćenja eksperimentalne metode. Zatim, FEA metoda je primenjen na ove uzorke da bi se uspostavio surogat model sa određenom aproksimacijom za optimizaciju vozila u situaciji urada. Ovaj rad daje rezultate dobijene iz procedure optimizacije kompozitnog prigušivača na udar pod uticajem dinamičkog aksijalnog udara, koristeći dva različita metamodela, kao što su Radialna Osnovna funkcija i Kriging. Optimizacija dimenzija za neke geometrijske parametre je rešena kombinacijom komercijalnih solvera LS-DYNA sa optimizatorom LS-OPT. Da bi se izmerila pogodnost rezultata i uporedili različite surogatne modele, korišćeni su globalni parametri grešaka, kao što je koren srednje kvardatne greške, maksimalna preostala greška i koeficijent određivanja.
Abstract
Motorization brings two significant challenges to the modern society. Firstly, road and vehicle safety becomes increasingly important, which has notably heightened legislative requirements by introducing more effective protective systems to the vehicle. Secondly, there is an ever-growing concern in environment and sustainability, which largely push up the lightweight standards to reduce fuel consumption. For these reasons, the automotive industry has devoted a substantial effort to deliver more crashworthy vehicles for addressing these two competing issues simultaneously. Over the past two decades design optimization has been developed as a powerful tool to seek the highest possible crashworthiness and lightest possible structure for various vehicles, therefore becoming an important topic of research. In crashworthiness optimization, direct coupling method may be inefficient since iterative non-linear FEA during optimization usually require huge computational efforts and take the high risk of premature simulation failure prior to a proper convergence. As a result, surrogate models (or metamodels) are more often used as an alternative for formulating the design criteria in terms of an explicit function of design variables in advance of optimization, which has proven an effective and sometimes a unique approach. The idea of surrogate modeling is to construct an approximate function based on a series of sampling evaluations, in which design space is typically sampled using the design of experiment methods. Then, the FEA is performed at these sample points to establish surrogate models with a certain confidence of approximation for crashworthiness optimization. This paper provides the results obtained from an optimization procedure on a composite impact attenuator, under dynamic axial crushing, using two different metamodels, such as Radial Basis Function and Kriging. In particular the sizing optimization for some geometric parameters was solved combining the commercial solver LS-DYNA with the optimizer LS-OPT. In order to measure the fitness of results and do a comparison between different surrogates, global error parameters were used, such as root mean squared error, maximum residual error and coefficient of determination.
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