Analysis of seismogenic structure of Madoi, Qinghai MS7.4 earthquake on May 22, 2021
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摘要:
精确的余震序列定位及震源机制反演能够提供强震破裂尺度、发震断层面和区域应力场等信息，为震后应急决策和分析发震构造提供科学依据.本研究采用双差定位方法对2021年5月22日青海玛多MS7.4地震序列进行精定位，得到震后9天内共1055个事件的精定位结果；同时，利用青海、西藏、四川和甘肃台网记录的波形数据，采用近震全波形矩张量反演方法得到了玛多MS7.4地震15次中等余震（MS≥4.0）震源机制解，并进一步反演得到震源区构造应力场.地震定位结果显示，玛多主震位于玛多—甘德断裂与甘德南缘断裂之间，发震断层面较为陡立，余震序列在时间上呈现出不对称的双侧破裂模式，且沿主破裂面的两端均表现出分支破裂特征，说明本次地震触发了分支断层；震源机制结果显示15次中等余震包含12次走滑型和3次逆冲型地震，暗示主断层破裂受到局部异常结构的影响；另外，应力场反演表明震源区为近EW向挤压特征，与该区域最大水平主压应力优势取向一致.结合上述结果以及周边地质构造背景，我们认为玛多地震发震构造为位于巴颜喀拉地块内部一条NWW向的高倾角左旋走滑断裂，主破裂触发了东西两端分支断层活动，断层面的非均匀性控制了余震序列时空分布的差异性.
Abstract:High-precise relocation of aftershock sequence and detailed focal mechanism inversion could reveal the rupture properties of larger earthquakes, seismogenic structure and regional stress field, which provides the scientific evidence for decision-making regarding post-earthquake emergency management. In this study, the double-difference earthquake location algorithm was employed to delicately describe the spatial and temporary characteristics of Madoi, Qinghai MS7.4 earthquake sequence within 9 days after the earthquake, a total of 1055 earthquakes were determined with greatly improved location accuracy. The focal mechanism of moderate aftershocks with MS≥4.0 were inverted from the local and region waveforms recorded by the Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan and Gansu regional seismic stations with the method of full-wave moment tensor inversion, and then the regional stress field of focal region was estimated by fault plane solutions of these aftershocks. The accuracy of relocation of results show the Madoi sequence lied between the Madoi-Gande fault and the southern margin of Gande fault, which appeared to be a steep seismogenic zone and an asymmetrical bilateral rupture in spatial-temporal evolution. Clear bifurcation geometry features were recognized at the both ends of surface trace of aftershocks, indicating the mainshock occurred in the complex tectonic system and triggered its branch faults. Most of moderate aftershocks, 12 out of 15 earthquakes, were of strike-slip faulting following the tectonic area, 3 thrust-type earthquakes mainly concentrated in the eastern tip of the main tectonic line which probably indicates the segmented character of the fault. The stress field inversion suggests the focal region is undergoing the compression in the EW direction, and being compatible with the dominant stress orientation in Tibetan Plateau. We deduced the Madoi mainshock ruptured on a left-lateral strike-slip fault with NWW-striking in the Bayan Har block, and it activated faults near the eastern and western tip of seismogenic fault and involved multiple fault branches. The heterogeneity of rupture plane controls the variability of spatial and temporal distribution of aftershocks.
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图 1
2000年以来青藏高原及周边地区强震活动与本次玛多MS7.4地震位置
Figure 1.
The location of strong earthquakes occurred in Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings since 2000 and Madoi MS7.4 earthquake
图 2
本研究所使用的(a)台站分布和(b)速度模型
Figure 2.
(a) Distribution of seismic stations and (b) Velocity models used in this study
图 3
青海玛多地震序列重定位震中分布(a)与剖面图(b和c)
Figure 3.
Top view (a) and cross sections (b and c) maps of the relocated Madoi, Qinghai earthquake sequence
图 4
2021年5月22日玛多MS5.1地震矩心深度与波形互相关关系
Figure 4.
Centroid depth and cross-correlation coefficient of the Madoi MS5.1 earthquake on May 22, 2021
图 5
玛多MS5.1地震最佳反演结果对应的观测波形(黑色)与拟合波形(红色)比较图
Figure 5.
Comparison of observed (black) and synthetic (red) waveform for the Madoi MS5.1 earthquake corresponding to the best inversion results
图 6
采用大折刀法分析断层面参数不确定性
Figure 6.
Uncertainties analysis of fault plane parameters using Jackknife method
图 7
玛多MS7.4主震和部分中强余震震源机制解平面和剖面图
Figure 7.
Top view (a) and cross-section (b) maps showing the focal mechanism solutions of the Madoi MS7.4 mainshock and partial moderate strong aftershocks
图 8
玛多地震序列震源处应力场反演
Figure 8.
Stress field inversion in focal region of the Madoi earthquake sequence
图 9
玛多MS7.4地震发震断层结构示意图
Figure 9.
Sketch of seismogenic fault structure of Madoi MS7.4 earthquake
表 1
玛多7.4级地震中强余震震源参数表
Table 1.
Source parameters of the moderate aftershocks of the Madoi MS7.4 earthquake
编号 发震时刻 震中位置 节面Ⅰ 节面Ⅱ 深度/km MW VR CN 滤波频段/Hz 纬度/(°) 经度/(°) 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°) 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°) 1 2021-05-22 05∶59∶34.7 34.64 98.46 162 54 104 320 38 72 5 4.5 0.7 6.8 0.03~0.05 2 2021-05-22 10∶29∶34.1 34.85 97.50 26 65 163 123 75 26 5 5.0 0.84 4.4 0.02~0.04 3 2021-05-22 10∶38∶44.4 34.55 98.94 281 40 76 119 52 102 9 4.9 0.84 2.5 0.02~0.04 4 2021-05-22 11∶21∶16.8 34.72 98.07 86 61 -19 186 73 -150 11 4.8 0.83 2.7 0.03~0.05 5 2021-05-22 11∶30∶43.6 34.28 100.90 117 87 -24 208 66 -177 11 4.6 0.81 2.3 0.04~0.06 6 2021-05-22 12∶03∶35.2 35.63 99.12 93 84 -36 187 54 -172 5 4.2 0.68 4 0.03~0.05 7 2021-05-22 15∶06∶22.2 34.51 98.92 172 82 162 265 73 8 11 4.8 0.82 2.8 0.03~0.05 8 2021-05-22 17∶39∶34.4 34.77 97.65 130 60 6 37 85 150 4 4.6 0.7 6.8 0.03~0.05 9 2021-05-23 15∶24∶31.7 34.48 99.06 174 83 161 267 71 7 11 4.2 0.7 1.7 0.06~0.08 10 2021-05-24 16∶31∶27.9 34.78 97.56 44 68 166 140 77 22 5 4.3 0.73 4.2 0.03~0.05 11 2021-05-24 22∶15∶19.4 34.45 99.02 65 65 -2 156 88 -155 7 4.5 0.7 2.7 0.04~0.06 12 2021-05-25 07∶00∶19.6 34.73 98.04 140 56 4 48 87 146 8 4.3 0.62 3.1 0.04~0.06 13 2021-05-27 21∶06∶07.0 34.46 99.17 130 44 85 317 47 94 9 4.9 0.79 3.0 0.04~0.06 14 2021-05-30 12∶50∶08.1 34.67 98.31 299 59 0 29 90 -149 11 4.9 0.78 2.3 0.02~0.04 15 2021-05-30 14∶55∶14.6 34.65 98.48 205 86 119 303 29 9 11 4.9 0.8 2.8 0.03~0.05 
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