Introduction: Tennis serve is a systematic and complex skill and a key element for scoring. Battle rope training can provide a benefit for specific dynamic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of battle rope training on muscle strength and tennis serve performance in undergraduate male tennis players. Methods: Sixteen undergraduate male tennis players (age: 21.44 ± 1.67 years; height: 174.38 ± 5.81 cm; weight: 63.31 ± 7.12 kg; ITN scale: 6.94 ± 0.44) were recruited as subjects and divided into a battle rope group (BR, n = 8) or control group (CON, n = 8) by random design. After recruitment, all subjects were trained for 6 weeks (three times per week, 3 hours per session). The BR group conducted 2 hours of tennis technical training along with 1 hour of battle rope training and CON group conducted 3 hours of tennis training. Both groups underwent muscle strength and a serve test before and after the 6-week training. Results: The BR group showed better performance (~6-20% improvement) on muscle strength performance (grip strength, supine press, hard lift, long throw) at post-test than pre-test (p ＜ .05), and the BR group also demonstrated a ~15-61% improvement in serve performance (scoring accuracy, scoring power, scoring consistency, total score) after 6 weeks of training (p ＜ .05). Conclusion: The 6-week battle rope training significantly improved muscle performance (grip strength, supine press, hard lift, long throw) and serve performance (scoring accuracy, scoring power, scoring consistency, total score) in undergraduate male tennis players. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for tennis coaches and athletes as a reference for developing long-term training plans and regular training. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest that battle rope training can provide a positive development for tennis serve accuracy, consistency, and general and specific muscle strength performance.