Evidence-Based View of Safety and Effectiveness of Prokineticin Receptors Antagonists during Pregnancy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials & Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Real-Time RT-PCR Analysis of Placental Tissue
2.3. Placental Histology
2.4. Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining
2.5. Immunofluorescence
2.6. Western Blotting Analyses of Placental Tissues
2.7. RCHO-1 Cell Line Culture
2.8. Wound-Healing Assay
2.9. Matrigel Invasion Assay
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Combined and Independent Treatments by PROKR1 (PC7) and PROKR2 (PKRA) Antagonists on the Litter Size, Feto-Placental Weights and Placental Efficiency
3.2. Effects of PC7 and PKRA Antagonists on Placental Growth and Vascularization
3.3. Effects of PC7 and PKRA Antagonists on Placental Structure
3.4. Effects of PC7 and PKRA Antagonists on Trophoblast Invasion
3.5. Effects of PC7 and PKRA Antagonists on Key Trophoblast Developmental Genes
3.6. Effects of PC7 and PKRA Antagonists on TGC Differentiation, Migration and Invasion in an In Vitro System
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genes | Forward | Reverse | Amplicon Size | Tm (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
mGapdh | AACGACCCCTTCATTGAC | TCCACGACATACTCAGCA | 191 | 57 |
mMash 2 | GGTGACTCCTGGTGGACCTA | TCCGGAAGATGGAAGATGTC | 151 | 56 |
mPl1 | TGTCATACTGCTTCCATCCATAC | CCAGGTGTTTCAGAGGTTCTT | 125 | 60 |
mPl2 | ACGCCCATGATCTTGCTTCA | TGGCAGGGGCTTAACATCAG | 114 | 60 |
mProliferin | TGTGTGCAATGAGGAATGGT | TAGTGTGTGAGCCTGGCTTG | 223 | 58 |
mGcm1 | TTTTTCCAGTCCAAAGGCGAG | TGACTCGGGATTTCAGCAGG | 164 | 60 |
mCd31 | GCATCGGCAAAGTGGTCAA | GTTCCATTTTCGGACTGG C | 145 | 60 |
mHand1 | AAGCAAGCGGAAAAGGAGT | GGCCTGGTCTCACTGGTTTA | 159 | 60 |
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Reynaud, D.; Sergent, F.; Abi Nahed, R.; Traboulsi, W.; Collet, C.; Marquette, C.; Hoffmann, P.; Balboni, G.; Zhou, Q.-Y.; Murthi, P.; et al. Evidence-Based View of Safety and Effectiveness of Prokineticin Receptors Antagonists during Pregnancy. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 309. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9030309
Reynaud D, Sergent F, Abi Nahed R, Traboulsi W, Collet C, Marquette C, Hoffmann P, Balboni G, Zhou Q-Y, Murthi P, et al. Evidence-Based View of Safety and Effectiveness of Prokineticin Receptors Antagonists during Pregnancy. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(3):309. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9030309
Chicago/Turabian StyleReynaud, Deborah, Frederic Sergent, Roland Abi Nahed, Wael Traboulsi, Constance Collet, Christel Marquette, Pascale Hoffmann, Gianfranco Balboni, Qun-Yong Zhou, Padma Murthi, and et al. 2021. "Evidence-Based View of Safety and Effectiveness of Prokineticin Receptors Antagonists during Pregnancy" Biomedicines 9, no. 3: 309. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9030309