The Burden of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Its Risk Factors from 1990 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Definition of EoCRC
2.3. Estimation of Incidence, Deaths, and DALYs
2.4. Sociodemographic Index (SDI)
2.5. Risk Factors
3. Results
3.1. Incidence, Deaths, and DALYs in 2019
3.1.1. Global Level
3.1.2. Regional Level
3.1.3. National Level
3.2. The Impact of Sex and SDI on Incidence Rate, Death Rate, and DALY Rate
3.3. Risk Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population | Incidence | Deaths | DALYs | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2019 | 2019 vs. 1990 | 1990 | 2019 | 2019 vs. 1990 | 1990 | 2019 | 2019 vs. 1990 | |||||||
Number | Rate | Number | Rate | Rate Change | Number | Rate | Number | Rate | Rate Change | Number | Rate | Number | Rate | Rate Change | |
95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | |
Global | 94,707 | 3.5 | 22,5736 | 5.7 | 64.3 | 50,437 | 1.9 | 86,546 | 2.2 | 18.3 | 2,516,721 | 92.8 | 4,259,922 | 108.3 | 16.7 |
90,421–99,416 | 3.3–3.7 | 207,658–246,756 | 5.3–6.3 | 49.1 to 81.0 | 47,475–53,368 | 1.8–2.0 | 80,162–93,431 | 2.0–2.4 | 7.0 to 29.3 | 2,368,906–2,663,625 | 87.3–98.2 | 3,942,850–4,590,979 | 100.2–116.7 | 5.8 to 27.4 | |
Gender | |||||||||||||||
Male | 50,671 | 3.7 | 137,138 | 6.9 | 86.9 | 26,990 | 2.0 | 51,000 | 2.6 | 30.5 | 134,8146 | 98.1 | 2,515,161 | 126.4 | 28.9 |
47,855–54,342 | 3.5–4.0 | 122,715–154,229 | 6.2–7.8 | 62.8 to 114.1 | 25,038–29,445 | 1.8–2.1 | 45,983–56,179 | 2.3–2.8 | 12.1 to 48.9 | 1,251,294–1,472,000 | 91.1–107.1 | 2,270,969–2,755,869 | 114.1–138.5 | 10.7 to 46.6 | |
Female | 44,036 | 3.3 | 88,598 | 4.6 | 38.4 | 23,447 | 1.8 | 35,546 | 1.8 | 4.3 | 1,168,575 | 87.3 | 1,744,761 | 89.7 | 2.7 |
41,091–47,269 | 3.1–3.5 | 79,974–97,560 | 4.1–5.0 | 22.5 to 55.6 | 21,543–25,631 | 1.6–1.9 | 32,351–38,886 | 1.7–2.0 | −7.7 to 16.5 | 1,074,665–1,277,269 | 80.3–95.5 | 1,587,818–1,910,865 | 81.6–98.2 | −9.0 to 14.7 | |
SDI regions | |||||||||||||||
High SDI | 32,179 | 7.5 | 47,490 | 10.1 | 35.1 | 11,544 | 2.7 | 12,020 | 2.6 | −4.7 | 562,074 | 130.7 | 589,507 | 125.4 | −4.0 |
31,645–32,734 | 7.4–7.6 | 43,602–51,743 | 9.3–11.0 | 23.8 to 47.8 | 11,366–11,718 | 2.6–2.7 | 11,560–12,509 | 2.5–2.7 | −8.7 to −0.4 | 552,309–572,092 | 128.4–133.0 | 565,599–615,065 | 120.4–130.9 | −8.0 to 0.3 | |
High-middle SDI | 27,713 | 4.6 | 69,369 | 9.5 | 108.0 | 14,898 | 2.5 | 22,183 | 3.0 | 23.7 | 74,2329 | 122.6 | 1,094,438 | 150.2 | 22.5 |
26,289–29,503 | 4.3–4.9 | 62,168–77,408 | 8.5–10.6 | 83.7 to 135.6 | 14,014–15,826 | 2.3–2.6 | 20,249–24,369 | 2.8–3.3 | 10.4 to 37.4 | 696,956–790,755 | 115.1–130.6 | 1,003,070–1,198,241 | 137.7–164.5 | 9.7 to 36 | |
Middle SDI | 23,378 | 2.6 | 68,967 | 5.5 | 111.2 | 15,311 | 1.7 | 31,223 | 2.5 | 46.0 | 779,805 | 86.4 | 153,8506 | 122.0 | 41.2 |
21,458–25,471 | 2.4–2.8 | 61,737–76,542 | 4.9–6.1 | 83.3 to 141.1 | 13,878–16,640 | 1.5–1.8 | 28,191–34,399 | 2.2–2.7 | 27.0 to 67.4 | 707,052–846,544 | 78.4–93.8 | 1,390,711–1,693,029 | 110.3–134.3 | 23.5 to 61.3 | |
Low-middle SDI | 8615 | 1.6 | 24,752 | 2.7 | 66.4 | 6433 | 1.2 | 15,376 | 1.6 | 38.4 | 321,443 | 59.5 | 754,341 | 80.8 | 35.9 |
7710–9670 | 1.4–1.8 | 22,289–27,556 | 2.4–3.0 | 41.0 to 92.6 | 5715–7231 | 1.1–1.3 | 13,666–17,137 | 1.5–1.8 | 16.1 to 60.7 | 285,755–361,100 | 52.9–66.8 | 672,864–840,215 | 72.1–90.0 | 14.5 to 57.3 | |
Low SDI | 2777 | 1.2 | 7301 | 1.4 | 13.1 | 2226 | 1.0 | 5693 | 1.1 | 10.1 | 109,830 | 47.2 | 280,703 | 51.9 | 10.0 |
2284–3327 | 1.0–1.4 | 6291–8411 | 1.2–1.6 | −11.5 to 43.9 | 1836–2671 | 0.8–1.1 | 4933–6583 | 0.9–1.2 | −13.4 to 40.2 | 90,789–131,973 | 39.0–56.8 | 242,946–324,266 | 45.0–60.0 | −13.5 to 40.4 | |
GBD regions | |||||||||||||||
Andean Latin America | 351 | 1.9 | 1507 | 4.6 | 141.3 | 203 | 1.1 | 526 | 1.6 | 45.4 | 10,367 | 55.7 | 26,696 | 80.6 | 44.8 |
311–399 | 1.7–2.1 | 1160–1951 | 3.5–5.9 | 82.2 to 219.3 | 181–230 | 1.0–1.2 | 411–669 | 1.2–2.0 | 10.4 to 90.4 | 9230–11,732 | 49.6–63.0 | 20,869–34,030 | 63.0–102.7 | 10.5 to 89.7 | |
Australasia | 941 | 8.7 | 1520 | 11.2 | 28.9 | 321 | 3.0 | 337 | 2.5 | −16.1 | 15,513 | 143.7 | 16,772 | 124.0 | −13.7 |
892–993 | 8.3–9.2 | 1194–1933 | 8.8–14.3 | 0.9 to 63.0 | 307–335 | 2.8–3.1 | 308–370 | 2.3–2.7 | −23.9 to −6.8 | 14,835–16,199 | 137.5–150.1 | 15,269–18,374 | 112.9–135.9 | −22.1 to −4.4 | |
Caribbean | 575 | 3.2 | 1222 | 5.1 | 62.0 | 314 | 1.7 | 562 | 2.3 | 36.4 | 15,629 | 85.7 | 27,483 | 114.9 | 34.1 |
540–611 | 3.0–3.4 | 1006–1474 | 4.2–6.2 | 32.8 to 94.5 | 292–339 | 1.6–1.9 | 461–681 | 1.9–2.8 | 11.9 to 63.5 | 14,571–16,805 | 79.9–92.1 | 22,550–33,298 | 94.3–139.3 | 9.9 to 60.7 | |
Central Asia | 1297 | 3.9 | 1831 | 3.7 | −3.6 | 806 | 2.4 | 983 | 2.0 | −16.6 | 41,844 | 125.4 | 49,357 | 101.1 | −19.4 |
1243–1359 | 3.7–4.1 | 1637–2062 | 3.4–4.2 | −14.1 to 8.9 | 773–844 | 2.3–2.5 | 878–1114 | 1.8–2.3 | −25.6 to −5.7 | 40,214–43,859 | 120.5–131.5 | 44,065–55,814 | 90.2–114.3 | −28.0 to −8.9 | |
Central Europe | 3847 | 6.3 | 4850 | 9.2 | 45.9 | 2113 | 3.5 | 1861 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 101,778 | 166.8 | 88,617 | 168.1 | 0.8 |
3737–3969 | 6.1–6.5 | 4151–5579 | 7.9–10.6 | 25.8 to 67.3 | 2057–2174 | 3.4–3.6 | 1598–2134 | 3.0–4.0 | −12.2 to 17.4 | 99,088–104,830 | 162.4–171.8 | 76,070–101,521 | 144.3–192.6 | −13.0 to 15.6 | |
Central Latin America | 1452 | 1.8 | 5782 | 4.4 | 146.5 | 876 | 1.1 | 2564 | 1.9 | 81.3 | 44,894 | 55.1 | 128,095 | 97.3 | 76.7 |
1413–1490 | 1.7–1.8 | 4916–6815 | 3.7–5.2 | 108.8 to 190.3 | 853–898 | 1.0–1.1 | 2171–3009 | 1.6–2.3 | 54.1 to 114.0 | 43,690–46,041 | 53.6–56.5 | 108,759–150,831 | 82.6–114.5 | 50.2 to 108.2 | |
Central sub-Saharan Africa | 291 | 1.2 | 798 | 1.3 | 7.5 | 232 | 1.0 | 604 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 11,541 | 47.3 | 29,811 | 48.0 | 1.4 |
215–387 | 0.9–1.6 | 566–1082 | 0.9–1.7 | −3.1 to 5.6 | 177–305 | 0.7–1.3 | 428–821 | 0.7–1.3 | −34.6 to 49.1 | 8753–15,110 | 35.9–61.9 | 21,129–40,444 | 34.0–65.1 | −34.9 to 46.6 | |
East Asia | 25,348 | 3.7 | 90,911 | 12.2 | 231.8 | 15,532 | 2.2 | 27,447 | 3.7 | 63.5 | 795,135 | 115.2 | 1,362,350 | 182.5 | 58.5 |
22,185–28,938 | 3.2–4.2 | 76,318–106,894 | 10.2–14.3 | 16.4 to 31.3 | 13,405–17,867 | 1.9–2.6 | 23,104–32,223 | 3.1–4.3 | 30.6 to 102.8 | 685,952–910,860 | 99.4–131.9 | 1,156,497–1,580,832 | 155.0–211.8 | 27.9 to 95.4 | |
Eastern Europe | 6811 | 6.2 | 9239 | 9.4 | 52.6 | 3515 | 3.2 | 3459 | 3.5 | 10.7 | 171,933 | 155.8 | 168,129 | 171.5 | 10.0 |
6348–7172 | 5.8–6.5 | 8187–10,480 | 8.3–10.7 | 35.5 to 72.9 | 3276–3698 | 3.0–3.4 | 3063–3898 | 3.1–4.0 | −1.6 to 24.5 | 160,508–180,593 | 145.5–163.7 | 149,699–189,150 | 152.7–192.9 | −1.9 to 23.6 | |
Eastern sub-Saharan Africa | 1067 | 1.3 | 3089 | 1.6 | 20.8 | 850 | 1.0 | 2298 | 1.2 | 12.8 | 42,134 | 50.8 | 113,630 | 57.1 | 12.5 |
858–1311 | 1.0–1.6 | 2526–3770 | 1.3–1.9 | −9.6 to 66.7 | 678–1043 | 0.8–1.3 | 1885–2808 | 0.9–1.4 | −15.7 to 58.8 | 33,615–51,821 | 40.5–62.4 | 92,977–138,693 | 46.7–69.7 | −16.1 to 58.8 | |
High-income Asia Pacific | 7953 | 8.6 | 9294 | 11.5 | 33.8 | 2837 | 3.1 | 2056 | 2.5 | −17.0 | 137,712 | 148.3 | 100,488 | 123.8 | −16.5 |
7714–8186 | 8.3–8.8 | 8007–10,617 | 9.9–13.1 | 15.5 to 53.2 | 2779–2892 | 3.0–3.1 | 1941–2160 | 2.4–2.7 | −21.3 to −12.5 | 134,351–140,739 | 144.6–151.5 | 94,554–105,865 | 116.5–130.5 | −20.9 to −12.1 | |
High-income North America | 11,665 | 7.8 | 18,499 | 11.1 | 41.4 | 3604 | 2.4 | 4545 | 2.7 | 12.4 | 177,662 | 119.5 | 223,318 | 133.9 | 12.0 |
11,348–11,962 | 7.6–8 | 15,902–21,547 | 9.5–12.9 | 21.3 to 65.6 | 3517–3688 | 2.4–2.5 | 4399–4709 | 2.6–2.8 | 7.5 to 18.5 | 172,981–182,260 | 116.4–122.6 | 214,946–232,481 | 128.9–139.4 | 7.3 to 18.2 | |
North Africa and Middle East | 3126 | 1.9 | 11,101 | 3.3 | 72.9 | 2180 | 1.3 | 5485 | 1.6 | 22.5 | 108,846 | 67.0 | 270,165 | 81.0 | 20.8 |
2608–3801 | 1.6–2.3 | 9616–12,783 | 2.9–3.8 | 34.1 to 116.9 | 1816–2650 | 1.1–1.6 | 4716–6362 | 1.4–1.9 | −5.5 to 54.2 | 90,784–132,718 | 55.9–81.7 | 232,244–312,325 | 69.6–93.6 | −6.9 to 51.9 | |
Oceania | 61 | 1.9 | 165 | 2.4 | 25.7 | 43 | 1.4 | 112 | 1.6 | 21.6 | 2174 | 68.7 | 5624 | 82.7 | 20.4 |
49–76 | 1.5–2.4 | 126–215 | 1.9–3.2 | −2.7 to 68.9 | 34–54 | 1.1–1.7 | 85–147 | 1.2–2.2 | −6.3 to 64.3 | 1715–2728 | 54.2–86.2 | 4292–7320 | 63.1–107.6 | −6.7 to 61.4 | |
South Asia | 6136 | 1.2 | 18,253 | 1.9 | 61.6 | 4824 | 0.9 | 12,421 | 1.3 | 39.9 | 237,610 | 44.9 | 606,012 | 62.2 | 38.6 |
5397–6949 | 1.0–1.3 | 15,671–21,008 | 1.6–2.2 | 29.2 to 94.8 | 4265–5455 | 0.8–1.0 | 10,758–14,391 | 1.1–1.5 | 12.1 to 68.9 | 209,984–268,190 | 39.7–50.7 | 523,107–698,658 | 53.7–71.7 | 11.5 to 66.9 | |
Southeast Asia | 6101 | 2.6 | 18,976 | 5.2 | 103.1 | 4241 | 1.8 | 10,550 | 2.9 | 62.4 | 214,313 | 90.7 | 517,741 | 143.0 | 57.7 |
5195–6824 | 2.2–2.9 | 15,675–22,334 | 4.3–6.2 | 66.5 to 142.2 | 3617–4793 | 1.5–2.0 | 8800–12,385 | 2.4–3.4 | 34.9 to 90.8 | 181,999–242,558 | 77.0–102.6 | 433,010–606,340 | 119.6–167.5 | 31.1 to 85.3 | |
Southern Latin America | 950 | 3.9 | 2233 | 6.6 | 69.2 | 584 | 2.4 | 1022 | 3.0 | 25.8 | 28,375 | 115.8 | 50,050 | 147.0 | 26.9 |
903–999 | 3.7–4.1 | 1694–2913 | 5.0–8.6 | 27.5 to 121.5 | 558–613 | 2.3–2.5 | 936–1116 | 2.8–3.3 | 13.7 to 38.9 | 27,108–29,756 | 110.7–121.5 | 45,995–54,610 | 135.1–160.4 | 15.3 to 39.7 | |
Southern sub-Saharan Africa | 566 | 2.2 | 1111 | 2.6 | 21.1 | 406 | 1.6 | 738 | 1.7 | 12.1 | 20,452 | 78.4 | 36,624 | 86.6 | 10.4 |
508–631 | 1.9–2.4 | 955–1277 | 2.3–3.0 | −1.2 to 45.3 | 366–452 | 1.4–1.7 | 635–852 | 1.5–2.0 | −9.2 to 35.3 | 18,430–22,833 | 70.6–87.5 | 31,528–42,278 | 99.9–74.5 | −10.2 to 33.7 | |
Tropical Latin America | 1917 | 2.4 | 5755 | 4.8 | 97.8 | 1239 | 1.6 | 2857 | 2.4 | 51.9 | 62,339 | 79.4 | 139,457 | 117.0 | 47.4 |
1856–1983 | 2.4–2.5 | 5415–6061 | 4.5–5.1 | 84.5 to 110.6 | 1201–1283 | 1.5–1.6 | 2698–3003 | 2.3–2.5 | 42.1 to 61.5 | 60,473–64,504 | 77.0–82.1 | 131,965–146,425 | 110.7–122.8 | 38.4 to 56.3 | |
Western Europe | 13,442 | 6.9 | 17,021 | 8.9 | 28.4 | 5082 | 2.6 | 4247 | 2.2 | −15.2 | 245,078 | 126.7 | 206,454 | 108.3 | −14.6 |
13,129–13,761 | 6.8–7.1 | 14,619–19,670 | 7.7–10.3 | 10.3 to 49.2 | 4992–5173 | 2.6–2.7 | 4053–4426 | 2.1–2.3 | −19.0 to −11.8 | 240,230–250,088 | 124.2–129.3 | 196,144–215,816 | 102.9–113.2 | −18.5 to −10.8 | |
Western sub-Saharan Africa | 811 | 1.0 | 2577 | 1.2 | 25.9 | 635 | 0.7 | 1872 | 0.9 | 16.8 | 31,392 | 36.9 | 93,047 | 43.3 | 17.4 |
642–1009 | 0.8–1.2 | 2060–3112 | 1.0–1.4 | −3.7 to 63.7 | 500–791 | 0.6–0.9 | 1494–2316 | 0.7–1.1 | −10.4 to 51.8 | 24,824–39,038 | 29.1–45.8 | 74,217–114,855 | 34.5–53.4 | −9.8 to 52.8 |
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Gu, W.-J.; Pei, J.-P.; Lyu, J.; Akimoto, N.; Haruki, K.; Ogino, S.; Zhang, C.-D. The Burden of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Its Risk Factors from 1990 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Cancers 2022, 14, 3502. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14143502
Gu W-J, Pei J-P, Lyu J, Akimoto N, Haruki K, Ogino S, Zhang C-D. The Burden of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Its Risk Factors from 1990 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Cancers. 2022; 14(14):3502. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14143502
Chicago/Turabian StyleGu, Wan-Jie, Jun-Peng Pei, Jun Lyu, Naohiko Akimoto, Koichiro Haruki, Shuji Ogino, and Chun-Dong Zhang. 2022. "The Burden of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Its Risk Factors from 1990 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019" Cancers 14, no. 14: 3502. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14143502