Fructans Are Differentially Distributed in Root Tissues of Asparagus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Tissue Preparation
2.2. Mass Spectrometry Imaging
2.3. Oligosaccharide Extraction and Profiling
2.4. Proteome Profiling
3. Results
3.1. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Revealed Differential Tissue Abundance Pattern for Fructans
3.2. HPAEC–PAD Analysis Validated Differential Fructan Profiles in the Various Root Tissues
3.3. Proteome Analysis Revealed a Tissue-Specificity in Sucrose Metabolism and Fructan Biosynthesis
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peak # | RT [min] | Compound | DP | Molecular Family/Fructan-Type | [M + K]+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.24 | Glucose | 1 | Monosaccharide | |
2 | 3.56 | Fructose | 1 | Monosaccharide | |
3 | 4.08 | Melibiose | 2 | Disaccharide | 381 |
4 | 5.49 | Sucrose | 2 | Disaccharide | 381 |
5 | 9.16 | Raffinose | 3 | Raffinose-type oligosaccharides | 543 |
6 | 9.84 | 1-Kestose | 3 | Inulin-type fructan | 543 |
7 | 10.35 | Unknown | |||
8 | 10.58 | Maltose | 2 | Maltose-type oligosaccharides | |
9 | 10.93 | Unknown | |||
10 | 11.59 | Unknown | |||
11 | 11.94 | Unknown | |||
12 | 12.51 | 6G-Kestose (NS1-DP3) | 3 | Neoseries (NS)1-type fructan | 543 |
13 | 13.35 | Nystose (1,1-Kestotetraose, KT) (Inulin-DP4) | 4 | Inulin-type fructan | 705 |
14 | 14.20 | 1&6G-KT (NS2-DP4) | 4 | NS2-type fructan | 705 |
15 | 15.40 | Unknown | |||
16 | 15.83 | 1, 6G-KT (NS1-DP4) | 4 | NS1-type fructan | 705 |
17 | 16.45 | 1,1,1-Kestopentaose (KP) (Inulin-DP5) | 5 | Inulin-type fructan | 867 |
18 | 17.13 | 1,1&6G-KP (NS2-DP5), 1&1, 6G-KP (NS3-DP5) | 5 | NS2&NS3-type fructan | 867 |
19 | 17.69 | Unknown | |||
20 | 18.04 | Unknown | |||
21 | 18.33 | Unknown | |||
22 | 18.66 | Unknown | |||
23 | 19.03 | 1,1, 6G-KP (NS1-DP5) | 5 | NS1-type fructan | 867 |
24 | 19.43 | 1,1,1,1-Kestohexaose (KH) (Inulin-DP6) | 6 | Inulin-type fructan | 1029 |
25 | 20.04 | 1,1,1&6G-KH (NS2-DP6), 1&1,1, 6G-KH (NS3-DP6), 1,1&1, 6G-KH (NS4-DP6) | 6 | NS2-4-type fructan | 1029 |
26 | 20.89 | Unknown | |||
27 | 21.17 | Unknown | |||
28 | 21.71 | Unknown | |||
29 | 22.11 | 1,1,1, 6G-KP (NS1-DP6) and Inulin-DP7 | 6&7 | Inulin & NS1-type fructan | 1029&1191 |
30 | 22.92 | 1,1,1,1&6G-KH (NS2-DP7), 1&1,1,1, 6G-KH (NS3-DP7), 1,1,1&1, 6G-KH (NS4-DP7) | 7 | NS2-4-type fructan | 1191 |
31 | 23.42 | Unknown | |||
32 | 23.88 | Unknown | |||
33 | 24.23 | Unknown | |||
34 | 24.95 | NS1-DP7 and Inulin-DP8 | 7&8 | Inulin & NS1-type fructan | 1191&1353 |
35 | 25.64 | NS2-DP8, NS3-DP8, NS4-DP8 | 8 | NS2-4-type fructan | 1353 |
36 | 26.50 | Unknown | |||
37 | 26.84 | Unknown | |||
38 | 27.65 | NS1-DP8 and Inulin-DP9 | 8&9 | Inulin & NS1-type fructan | 1353&1515 |
39 | 28.04 | NS2-DP9, NS3-DP9, NS4-DP9 | 9 | NS2-4-type fructan | 1515 |
40 | 28.93 | Unknown | |||
41 | 29.32 | Unknown | |||
42 | 30.22 | NS1-DP9, Inulin-DP10, NS2-DP10, NS3-DP10, NS4-DP10 | 9&10 | Inulin & NS1-NS4-type fructan | 1515&1677 |
43 | 31.13 | Unknown | |||
44 | 32.33 | NS1-DP10, Inulin-DP11, NS2-DP11, NS3-DP11, NS4-DP11 | 10&11 | Inulin & NS1-NS4-type fructan | 1677&1839 |
45 | 33.13 | Unknown | |||
46 | 34.27 | NS1-DP11, Inulin-DP12, NS2-DP12, NS3-DP12, NS4-DP12 | 11&12 | Inulin & NS1-NS4-type fructan | |
47 | 35.02 | Unknown | |||
48 | 36.08 | NS1-DP12, Inulin-DP13, NS2-DP13, NS3-DP13, NS4-DP13 | 12&13 | Inulin & NS1-NS4-type fructan | |
49 | 36.78 | Unknown | |||
50 | 37.77 | NS1-DP13, Inulin-DP14, NS2-DP14, NS3-DP14, NS4-DP14 | 13&14 | Inulin & NS1-NS4-type fructan | |
51 | 38.42 | Unknown | |||
52 | 39.33 | NS1-DP14, Inulin-DP15, NS2-DP15, NS3-DP15, NS4-DP15 | 14&15 | Inulin & NS1-NS4-type fructan | |
53 | 39.93 | Unknown | |||
54 | 40.81 | NS1-DP15, Inulin-DP16, NS2-DP16, NS3-DP16, NS4-DP16 | 15&16 | Inulin & NS1-NS4-type fructan | |
55 | 41.42 | Unknown | |||
56 | 42.20 | NS1-DP16, Inulin-DP17, NS2-DP17, NS3-DP17, NS4-DP17 | 16&17 | Inulin & NS1-NS4-type fructan | |
57 | 42.81 | Unknown |
Peak | 13 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 29 | 30 | 34 | 35 | 38 | 39 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 56 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outer tissues | 1-Kestose | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 6.4 | 13.0 | 28.8 | 61.7 | 132.0 |
6G-Kestose | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 8.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 5.2 | 10.5 | 23.2 | 49.6 | 106.2 | |
Middle tissues | 1-Kestose | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 7.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 15.2 | 29.3 |
6G-Kestose | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 6.7 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 7.1 | 13.4 | 25.9 | |
Inner Tissues | 1-Kestose | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 4.5 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 6.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 6.7 | 13.0 | 25.2 | 48.7 |
6G-Kestose | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 4.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 6.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 7.0 | 13.3 | 25.6 | 49.5 |
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Witzel, K.; Matros, A. Fructans Are Differentially Distributed in Root Tissues of Asparagus. Cells 2020, 9, 1943. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells9091943
Witzel K, Matros A. Fructans Are Differentially Distributed in Root Tissues of Asparagus. Cells. 2020; 9(9):1943. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells9091943
Chicago/Turabian StyleWitzel, Katja, and Andrea Matros. 2020. "Fructans Are Differentially Distributed in Root Tissues of Asparagus" Cells 9, no. 9: 1943. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells9091943