Importance of Dyslipidaemia Treatment in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pathophysiology
3. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia Interconnection
4. Target Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
5. Treatment of Dyslipidaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
5.1. Statins
5.2. Ezetimibe
5.3. PCSK9 Inhibitors
5.4. Fibrates
5.5. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
5.6. Non-Pharmaceutical Treatment
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TD2M Individuals | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>40 years old | |||||||
>10 years T2DM | |||||||
At least one MACE | |||||||
T2DM end organ damage | |||||||
LDL-C >2.5 | |||||||
<40 years old | |||||||
>40 years old | >10 years T2DM | At least one MACE | T2DM end organ damage | LDL-C >2.5 | |||
Index | N/A | Moderate intensity statin treatment | High intensity statin treatment |
Pharmacological Approach to Dyslipidaemia in T2DM Individuals | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Drug | Dosage | Mechanism of Action | Common Adverse Events | Monitoring (Except Lipid Profile) |
Statins | 10–80 mg Oral use/daily | HMG-3-CoA reductase antagonist | Statin-associated muscle disease Fatigue Hepatic dysfunction | Serum aminotransferases Serum creatine-kinase Regular blood count |
Ezetimibe | 10 mg Oral use/daily | NPC1L1 transporter inhibitor | Hepatic dysfunction Muscle-related effects | Serum aminotransferases Serum creatine-kinase |
Alirocumab Evolocumab | 140 mg 75–300 mg Subcutaneous injections/2–4 weeks | PCSK9 inhibitors—monoclonal antibodies | Local injection reactions | - |
Fibrates | 145–215 mg Oral use/daily | PPARs activators | Hepatic dysfunction Muscle-related effects Renal dysfunction | Serum aminotransferases Serum creatine-kinase Serum renal function tests Regular blood count |
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Strikić, D.; Vujević, A.; Perica, D.; Leskovar, D.; Paponja, K.; Pećin, I.; Merćep, I. Importance of Dyslipidaemia Treatment in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Narrative Review. Diabetology 2023, 4, 538-552. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diabetology4040048
Strikić D, Vujević A, Perica D, Leskovar D, Paponja K, Pećin I, Merćep I. Importance of Dyslipidaemia Treatment in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Narrative Review. Diabetology. 2023; 4(4):538-552. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diabetology4040048
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrikić, Dominik, Andro Vujević, Dražen Perica, Dunja Leskovar, Kristina Paponja, Ivan Pećin, and Iveta Merćep. 2023. "Importance of Dyslipidaemia Treatment in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Narrative Review" Diabetology 4, no. 4: 538-552. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diabetology4040048