Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Women of Reproductive Age in India
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data and Study Sample
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. Individual-, Household-, and Community-Level Predictors of HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Knowledge
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | N | HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Knowledge | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (%) | No (%) | |||
Total | 95,541 | 24.79 | 75.21 | |
Age Groups (years) | <0.001 | |||
15–19 | 15,437 | 21.71 | 78.29 | |
20–24 | 15,983 | 25.38 | 74.62 | |
25–29 | 16,012 | 26.99 | 73.01 | |
30–34 | 13,756 | 27.67 | 72.33 | |
35–39 | 12,998 | 24.42 | 75.58 | |
40–44 | 10,455 | 24.44 | 75.56 | |
45–49 | 10,900 | 22.18 | 77.82 | |
Marital Status | <0.001 | |||
Unmarried | 24,008 | 25.37 | 74.63 | |
Married | 67,485 | 24.80 | 75.20 | |
Divorced/Widowed/Separated | 4048 | 21.27 | 78.73 | |
Education Level | <0.001 | |||
No education | 19,348 | 15.33 | 84.67 | |
Primary | 10,686 | 18.76 | 81.24 | |
Secondary | 50,312 | 25.14 | 74.86 | |
Higher | 15,195 | 37.98 | 62.02 | |
Currently Employed | 0.001 | |||
No | 70,566 | 24.35 | 75.65 | |
Yes | 24,975 | 26.06 | 73.94 | |
Internet Use | <0.001 | |||
No | 60,856 | 20.18 | 79.82 | |
Yes | 34,685 | 32.73 | 67.27 | |
Tested for HIV | <0.001 | |||
No | 73,648 | 21.95 | 78.05 | |
Yes | 21,893 | 33.58 | 66.42 | |
Household Wealth Quintile | <0.001 | |||
Poor | 38,073 | 17.48 | 82.52 | |
Middle | 20,513 | 23.46 | 76.54 | |
Rich | 36,955 | 31.23 | 68.77 | |
Caste | <0.001 | |||
SC | 17,803 | 22.53 | 77.47 | |
ST | 17,892 | 24.04 | 75.96 | |
OBC | 36,995 | 23.87 | 76.13 | |
Others | 18,357 | 29.58 | 70.42 | |
Religion | <0.001 | |||
Hindu | 71,692 | 25.14 | 74.86 | |
Muslim | 11,666 | 20.23 | 79.77 | |
Christian | 7375 | 31.69 | 68.31 | |
Others | 4808 | 29.81 | 70.19 | |
Mass Media Exposure | <0.001 | |||
No | 19,595 | 15.64 | 84.36 | |
Yes | 75,946 | 26.94 | 73.05 | |
Place of Residence | <0.001 | |||
Urban | 25,210 | 30.78 | 69.22 | |
Rural | 70,331 | 21.63 | 78.37 | |
Community Wealth | <0.001 | |||
Low | 46,481 | 18.4 | 81.6 | |
High | 49,060 | 29.45 | 70.55 | |
Community Education | <0.001 | |||
Low | 52,814 | 19.8 | 80.2 | |
High | 42,727 | 30.36 | 69.64 | |
Community Employment | <0.001 | |||
Low | 53,567 | 23.16 | 76.84 | |
High | 41,974 | 26.94 | 73.06 |
Predictors | Model 1 AOR (95% CI) | Model 2 AOR (95% CI) | Model 3 AOR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||
15–19 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
20–24 | 1.09 (1–1.18) * | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) * | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) * |
25–29 | 1.33 (1.21–1.47) ** | 1.31 (1.18–1.45) ** | 1.30 (1.18–1.44) ** |
30–34 | 1.68 (1.51–1.86) ** | 1.59 (1.42–1.77) ** | 1.56 (1.40–1.74) ** |
35–39 | 1.66 (1.49–1.85) ** | 1.56 (1.39–1.74) ** | 1.52 (1.36–1.70) ** |
40–44 | 1.73 (1.55–1.94) ** | 1.61 (1.43–1.81) ** | 1.57 (1.40–1.76) ** |
45–49 | 1.74 (1.56–1.96) ** | 1.58 (1.40–1.78) ** | 1.54 (1.36–1.73) ** |
Marital Status | |||
Unmarried | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Married | 0.82 (0.76–0.89) ** | 0.84 (0.77–0.91) ** | 0.85 (0.78–0.92) ** |
Divorced/Widowed/Separated | 0.76 (0.66–0.86) ** | 0.78 (0.68–0.90) ** | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) ** |
Education Level | |||
No education | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Primary | 1.37 (1.26–1.5) ** | 1.29 (1.18–1.41) ** | 1.28 (1.17–1.40) ** |
Secondary | 2.22 (2.07–2.39) ** | 1.94 (1.79–2.09) ** | 1.92 (1.77–2.07) ** |
Higher | 4.16 (3.78–4.58) ** | 3.45 (3.11–3.81) ** | 3.39 (3.06–3.75) ** |
Currently Employed | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) * | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) * | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) |
Internet Use | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.61 (1.52–1.70) ** | 1.49 (1.41–1.58) ** | 1.48 (1.39–1.57) ** |
Tested for HIV | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.68 (1.59–1.78) ** | 1.65 (1.56–1.75) ** | 1.62 (1.52–1.71) ** |
Household Wealth Quintile | |||
Poor (Ref) | 1 | 1 | |
Middle | 1.29 (1.20–1.39) ** | 1.21 (1.12–1.30) ** | |
Rich | 1.46 (1.36–1.58) ** | 1.28 (1.18–1.39) ** | |
Caste | |||
SC (Ref) | 1 | 1 | |
ST | 1.25 (1.13–1.38) ** | 1.30 (1.18–1.44) ** | |
OBC | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | 1.07 (1.00–1.16) | |
Others | 1.16 (1.07–1.27) ** | 1.17 (1.07–1.27) ** | |
Religion | |||
Hindu (Ref) | 1 | 1 | |
Muslim | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) ** | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) ** | |
Christian | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) * | 1.14 (1.00–1.29) | |
Others | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) * | |
Mass Media Exposure | |||
No (Ref) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 1.22 (1.14–1.31) ** | 1.20 (1.11–1.28) ** | |
Place of Residence | |||
Urban | 1 | ||
Rural | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | ||
Community Wealth | |||
Low (Ref) | 1 | ||
High | 1.31 (1.19–1.45) ** | ||
Community Education | |||
Low (Ref) | 1 | ||
High | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) * | ||
Community Employment | |||
Low (Ref) | 1 | ||
High | 1.12 (1.03–1.21) ** |
Null Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Community level variance | 2.124 (0.069) | 1.925 (0.065) | 1.862 (0.065) | 1.855 (0.064) |
HH level variance | 1.845 (0.090) | 1.864 (0.092) | 1.878 (0.095) | 1.871 (0.095) |
PSU level ICC | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
HH level ICC | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.53 |
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Bhattacharyya, A.; Chakraborty, R.; Raj, T.; Padhi, B.K.; Khubchandani, J.; Satapathy, P.; Rustagi, S.; Chattu, V.K. Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Women of Reproductive Age in India. Epidemiologia 2023, 4, 492-504. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/epidemiologia4040041
Bhattacharyya A, Chakraborty R, Raj T, Padhi BK, Khubchandani J, Satapathy P, Rustagi S, Chattu VK. Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Women of Reproductive Age in India. Epidemiologia. 2023; 4(4):492-504. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/epidemiologia4040041
Chicago/Turabian StyleBhattacharyya, Aritro, Ritankar Chakraborty, Tapasya Raj, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Prakasini Satapathy, Sarvesh Rustagi, and Vijay Kumar Chattu. 2023. "Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Women of Reproductive Age in India" Epidemiologia 4, no. 4: 492-504. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/epidemiologia4040041