Adsorption Ability of Graphene Aerogel and Reduced Graphene Aerogel toward 2,4-D Herbicide and Salicylic Acid
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of Adsorbents
2.2. Adsorption Kinetics
2.3. Adsorption Isotherms
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials and Reagents
4.2. Preparation of GOA and rGOA
4.3. Characterization of GOA and rGOA
4.4. Adsorption Experiments
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C0, mg/L | Pseudo-First Order | Pseudo-Second Order | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,4-D | SA | 2,4-D | SA | |||||||||
k1 | qe1, mg/g | R2 | k1 | qe1, mg/g | R2 | k2 | qe2, mg/g | R2 | k2 | qe2, mg/g | R2 | |
GOA | ||||||||||||
25 | 0.05 | 9.62 | 0.985 | 0.05 | 9.95 | 0.988 | 0.008 | 10.4 | 0.99 | 0.007 | 10.79 | 0.988 |
50 | 0.04 | 16.45 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 18.77 | 0.991 | 0.004 | 17.93 | 0.995 | 0.004 | 20.37 | 0.993 |
75 | 0.04 | 22.69 | 0.985 | 0.04 | 27.4 | 0.99 | 0.003 | 24.81 | 0.997 | 0.002 | 29.93 | 0.992 |
100 | 0.08 | 27.27 | 0.979 | 0.04 | 35.45 | 0.986 | 0.006 | 28.13 | 0.934 | 0.002 | 38.68 | 0.994 |
125 | 0.05 | 33.19 | 0.988 | 0.06 | 42.77 | 0.992 | 0.002 | 35.93 | 0.996 | 0.002 | 45.73 | 0.993 |
rGOA | ||||||||||||
25 | 0.04 | 2.83 | 0.986 | 0.05 | 3.78 | 0.984 | 0.016 | 3.13 | 0.993 | 0.017 | 4.13 | 0.991 |
50 | 0.03 | 3.88 | 0.974 | 0.04 | 5.28 | 0.974 | 0.011 | 4.29 | 0.99 | 0.014 | 5.78 | 0.996 |
75 | 0.04 | 4.93 | 0.984 | 0.05 | 6.89 | 0.978 | 0.012 | 5.39 | 0.991 | 0.012 | 7.41 | 0.994 |
100 | 0.05 | 5.92 | 0.963 | 0.08 | 8.37 | 0.985 | 0.013 | 6.38 | 0.992 | 0.016 | 8.84 | 0.996 |
125 | 0.07 | 6.88 | 0.986 | 0.1 | 9.62 | 0.981 | 0.017 | 7.32 | 0.996 | 0.02 | 10.06 | 0.998 |
C0, mg/L | Elovich Equation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,4-D | SA | |||||
α, mg/(g⋅min) | β, g/mg | R2 | α, mg/(g⋅min) | β, g/mg | R2 | |
GOA | ||||||
25 | 9.375 | 0.747 | 0.931 | 9.189 | 0.711 | 0.931 |
50 | 9.414 | 0.401 | 0.941 | 14.999 | 0.37 | 0.933 |
75 | 10.828 | 0.281 | 0.954 | 12.728 | 0.233 | 0.937 |
100 | 24.864 | 0.361 | 0.947 | 19.411 | 0.184 | 0.943 |
125 | 34.925 | 0.217 | 0.944 | 132.35 | 0.197 | 0.939 |
rGOA | ||||||
25 | 0.754 | 2.029 | 0.944 | 2.181 | 1.739 | 0.939 |
50 | 0.931 | 1.454 | 0.956 | 2.395 | 1.197 | 0.963 |
75 | 2.563 | 1.31 | 0.939 | 11.372 | 1.125 | 0.951 |
100 | 8.014 | 1.271 | 0.956 | 18.475 | 1.261 | 0.958 |
125 | 51.889 | 1.365 | 0.953 | 28.991 | 1.385 | 0.976 |
C0 SA, mg/L | IPD | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kp1, mg/g min1/2 | C1, mg/g | R2 | kp2, mg/g min1/2 | C2, mg/g | R2 | kp3, mg/g min1/2 | C3, mg/g | R2 | |
GOA | |||||||||
25 | 1.475 | −0.159 | 0.989 | 0.484 | 5.333 | 0.891 | 0.06 | 9.122 | 0.75 |
50 | 2.574 | −0.036 | 0.999 | 1.036 | 8.967 | 0.939 | 0.065 | 17.909 | 0.867 |
75 | 3.531 | −0.004 | 0.998 | 1.289 | 13.871 | 0.949 | 0.035 | 27.129 | 0.536 |
100 | 4.869 | −0.246 | 0.999 | 1.728 | 17.284 | 0.933 | 0.055 | 35.181 | 0.683 |
125 | 6.399 | 0.569 | 0.996 | 1.586 | 28.101 | 0.919 | 0.076 | 41.986 | 0.653 |
rGOA | |||||||||
25 | 0.531 | −0.045 | 0.988 | 0.179 | 1.888 | 0.874 | 0.012 | 3.649 | 0.392 |
50 | 0.724 | 0.007 | 0.999 | 0.305 | 2.075 | 0.968 | 0.025 | 4.987 | 0.588 |
75 | 1.049 | 0.052 | 0.996 | 0.389 | 3.206 | 0.98 | 0.011 | 6.827 | 0.237 |
100 | 1.482 | 0.098 | 0.992 | 0.368 | 5.173 | 0.987 | 0.012 | 8.307 | 0.242 |
125 | 1.837 | 0.232 | 0.984 | 0.271 | 7.188 | 0.827 | 0.011 | 9.631 | 0.385 |
C0 2,4-D, mg/L | IPD | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kp1, mg/g min1/2 | C1, mg/g | R2 | kp2, mg/g min1/2 | C2, mg/g | R2 | kp3, mg/g min1/2 | C3, mg/g | R2 | |
GOA | |||||||||
25 | 1.396 | −0.002 | 0.999 | 0.781 | 2.821 | 0.994 | 0.039 | 9.078 | 0.252 |
50 | 2.215 | −0.027 | 0.999 | 0.75 | 8.668 | 0.974 | 0.047 | 15.913 | 0.432 |
75 | 2.973 | 0.077 | 0.999 | 1.436 | 8.627 | 0.996 | 0.134 | 20.847 | 0.853 |
100 | 4.553 | 0.634 | 0.989 | 1.113 | 16.949 | 0.911 | 0.177 | 25.161 | 0.867 |
125 | 4.824 | −0.042 | 0.9995 | 1.117 | 21.223 | 0.974 | 0.048 | 33.09 | 0.331 |
rGOA | |||||||||
25 | 0.35574 | −0.043 | 0.99 | 0.126 | 1.388 | 0.911 | 0.011 | 2.688 | 0.635 |
50 | 0.45177 | 0.025 | 0.991 | 0.169 | 1.873 | 0.959 | 0.004 | 3.909 | 0.599 |
75 | 0.67995 | −0.061 | 0.993 | 0.17 | 2.996 | 0.968 | −0.003 | 5.102 | 0.119 |
100 | 0.8979 | 0.082 | 0.986 | 0.286 | 2.963 | 0.978 | 0.003 | 6.035 | 0.698 |
125 | 1.12817 | 0.095 | 0.988 | 0.267 | 4.432 | 0.998 | 0.012 | 6.804 | 0.466 |
Model Parameters | GOA | rGOA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,4-D | SA | 2,4-D | SA | ||
Langmuir | qm, mg/g | 42.63 | 57.61 | 10.92 | 16.01 |
bl, L/g | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.015 | 0.015 | |
R2 | 0.982 | 0.98 | 0.987 | 0.99 | |
Freundlich | KF, mg/g | 6.86 | 11.9 | 0.55 | 0.73 |
1/n | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.56 | |
R2 | 0.986 | 0.992 | 0.991 | 0.995 | |
Temkin | bT, J/mol | 333.43 | 241.21 | 1058.05 | 733.7 |
A, L/g | 1.64 | 3.1 | 0.16 | 0.16 | |
R2 | 0.963 | 0.966 | 0.983 | 0.984 |
Adsorbent | Adsorbate | qe, mg/g | Equilibrium Time, min | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite | 2,4-D | 32.31 | 720 | [60] |
Polydopamine/polyacrylamide co-deposited magnetic sporopollenin | 62.2 | - | [61] | |
Algal magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite | 60.61 | - | [1] | |
GOA | 42.63 | 150 | This work | |
Chitosan-acrylamide surface molecularly imprinted hydrogel | SA | 44.87 | 20 | [4] |
Biochar | 36.39 | 720 | [62] | |
Chitosan/xylan-coated magnetite nanoparticles | 13.49 | 120 | [63] | |
GOA | 57.61 | 100 | This work |
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Kurmysheva, A.Y.; Yanushevich, O.; Krikheli, N.; Kramar, O.; Vedenyapina, M.D.; Podrabinnik, P.; Solís Pinargote, N.W.; Smirnov, A.; Kuznetsova, E.; Malyavin, V.V.; et al. Adsorption Ability of Graphene Aerogel and Reduced Graphene Aerogel toward 2,4-D Herbicide and Salicylic Acid. Gels 2023, 9, 680. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/gels9090680
Kurmysheva AY, Yanushevich O, Krikheli N, Kramar O, Vedenyapina MD, Podrabinnik P, Solís Pinargote NW, Smirnov A, Kuznetsova E, Malyavin VV, et al. Adsorption Ability of Graphene Aerogel and Reduced Graphene Aerogel toward 2,4-D Herbicide and Salicylic Acid. Gels. 2023; 9(9):680. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/gels9090680
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurmysheva, Alexandra Yu., Oleg Yanushevich, Natella Krikheli, Olga Kramar, Marina D. Vedenyapina, Pavel Podrabinnik, Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote, Anton Smirnov, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, Vladislav V. Malyavin, and et al. 2023. "Adsorption Ability of Graphene Aerogel and Reduced Graphene Aerogel toward 2,4-D Herbicide and Salicylic Acid" Gels 9, no. 9: 680. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/gels9090680