Factors Influencing Walking and Exercise Adherence in Healthy Older Adults Using Monitoring and Interfacing Technology: Preliminary Evidence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Role of Technology
1.3. Influencing Factors
1.4. Objectives
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Design
2.2. Laboratory Examinations
2.3. Physical Activity Intervention
2.4. Adherence
2.5. PACE System
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Program and Volume Adherence
3.2. Profiling
3.3. Qualitative PACE App Usability
4. Discussion
4.1. Adherence
4.2. Profiling
4.3. General Consideration
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean ± Standard Deviation | ||
---|---|---|---|
All | Faster (N = 4) | Slower (N = 6) | |
Age (yr.) | 73.8 ± 2.3 | 74.3 ± 2.1 | 73.5 ± 2.6 |
Sex (male/female) | 6/4 | 3/1 | 3/3 |
Height (m) | 1.70 ± 0.11 | 1.68 ± 0.03 | 1.72 ± 0.14 |
Body mass (kg) | 81.6 ± 13.8 | 78.4 ± 7.4 | 83.7 ± 17.3 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 ± 2.0 | 27.8 ± 2.6 | 28.1 ± 1.8 |
Resting heart rate (bpm) | 73 ± 13 | 65 ± 5 | 78 ± 15 |
Estimated absolute CRF (mL/min) | 2086 ± 353 | 2144 ± 213 | 2047 ± 438 |
Estimated relative CRF (mL/kg/min) | 25.7 ± 2.8 | 27.5 ± 2.9 | 24.5 ± 2.3 |
Blood pressure lowering medications (n/tot) | 5/10 | 0/4 | 5/6 |
Cholesterol lowering medications (n/tot) | 3/10 | 1/4 | 2/6 |
Smokers | 2/10 | 1/4 | 1/6 |
Variables | Baseline Visit | Pre-Intervention Visit | Post-Intervention Visit | Pre vs. Post T-Test (df) | Mean Difference (95% CI) | p-Value | ANOVA F (dft; dfe) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass (kg) | 81.6 ± 13.8 | 81.4 ± 13.8 | 0.83 (9) | 0.20 (−0.34, 0.74) | 0.46 | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 ± 2.0 | 27.9 ± 2.1 | 0.81 (9) | 0.06 (−0.11, −0.24) | 0.44 | |||
Resting heart rate (bpm) | 73 ± 13 | 73 ± 11 | ᵂ | ᵂ | 0.88 | |||
6-MWT a (m) | 508 ± 60 | 504 ± 79 | 0.49 (9) | 3.62 (−13.0, 20.2) | 0.63 | |||
Estimated CRF b (mL/kg/min) | 25.7 ± 2.8 | 25.1 ± 3.0 | 1.28 (9) | 0.61 (−0.47, 1.69) | 0.23 | |||
APQ c | ||||||||
Engagement in pacing | 2.68 ± 0.92 | 2.86 ± 0.73 | 2.98 ± 0.75 | ∯ | 0.36 | |||
Perceived risk of over-activity | 2.45 ± 0.98 | 3.00 ± 0.82 | 2.90 ± 0.84 | 2.28 (2; 18) | 0.13 | |||
ESE d | 62.7 ± 23.6 | 53.7 ± 20.6 | 2.72 (9) | 9.01, (1.52, 16.50) | 0.024 * | |||
FSS f | 2.50 ± 0.77 | 2.76 ± 1.02 | 1.20 (9) | −0.26 (−0.74, 0.23) | 0.26 | |||
SF-12 g PCS-12 h | 53.5 ± 3.2 | 53.6 ± 4.5 | ᵂ | ᵂ | 0.95 | |||
MCS-12 i (9/10 θ) | 58.4 ± 2.1 | 56.0 ± 3.4 | 2.26 (8) | 2.38 (−0.05, 4.80) | 0.05 | |||
SQUASH j | ||||||||
Walking minutes | 153 ± 180 | 126 ± 134 | 199 ± 324 | ∯ | 0.81 | |||
Cycling | 136 ± 56 | 147 ± 163 | 101 ± 128 | 2.20 (2;18) | 0.14 | |||
Other sports | 120 ± 108 | 97 ± 65 | 90 ± 92 | 1.19 (2;18) | 0.28 |
Adherence | Baseline Week | 1st Intervention Week | 2nd Intervention Week | ANOVA F (dft; dfe) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walking program adherence (%) | 32 ± 39 | 48 ± 38 | 54 ± 38 | 0.38 | |
No. participants reaching the walking target | 1/10 | 2/10 | 2/10 | ||
Walking volume adherence (%) | 66 ± 58 | 108 ± 63 | 104 ± 60 | 3.5 (2; 18) | 0.05 * |
No. participants reaching the target walking volume | 3/10 | 4/10 | 4/10 | ||
Exercise program adherence (%) | 96 ± 82 | 115 ± 99 | 111 ± 78 | 0.44 (2;16) | 0.65 |
No. participants reaching the exercise target | 5/9 | 5/9 | 6/9 | ||
Exercise volume adherence (%) | 263 ± 232 | 252 ± 181 | 260 ± 216 | 0.29 (2; 16) | 0.97 |
No. participants reaching the target exercise volume | 7/9 | 6/9 | 6/9 |
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Albergoni, A.; Hettinga, F.J.; Stut, W.; Sartor, F. Factors Influencing Walking and Exercise Adherence in Healthy Older Adults Using Monitoring and Interfacing Technology: Preliminary Evidence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6142. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17176142
Albergoni A, Hettinga FJ, Stut W, Sartor F. Factors Influencing Walking and Exercise Adherence in Healthy Older Adults Using Monitoring and Interfacing Technology: Preliminary Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6142. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17176142
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbergoni, Andrea, Florentina J. Hettinga, Wim Stut, and Francesco Sartor. 2020. "Factors Influencing Walking and Exercise Adherence in Healthy Older Adults Using Monitoring and Interfacing Technology: Preliminary Evidence" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6142. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17176142