Myocardial Injury and Overload among Amateur Marathoners as Indicated by Changes in Concentrations of Cardiovascular Biomarkers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Study Group
3.2. Biochemical Analysis
3.3. Cardiac Biomarkers
3.4. Post-Race Change in the Analyzed Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Marathon Runners (N = 35) | |
---|---|---|
Demographics | ||
Age [years] | 39 ± 8 1 | |
Gender | 35 males | |
BMI [kg/m2] | 25 ± 2 | |
Ethnicity | 35 Caucasian | |
Smokers/nonsmokers | 35 nonsmokers | |
Training intensity | ||
hours of running/week | 6.2 ± 2.3 | |
kilometers run/week | 54.5 ± 18.6 | |
Result of the marathon | ||
Duration [min] | 234 ± 25 |
Parameter | Laboratory Norms | S1 | S2 | S3 | ANOVA | Post-Hoc p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | p-Value | S1 vs. S2 | S2 vs. S3 | S1 vs. S3 | ||||
Hemoglobin [g/dL] | 13.0–17.0 | 15.1 ± 1.0 | 15.3 ± 0.9 | 14.5 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 0.17 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Hematocrit [%] | 40–50 | 43.5 ± 2.4 | 44.4 ± 2.3 | 41.6 ± 2.6 | <0.001 | 0.02 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Red blood cells [T/L] | 4.5–5.5 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Creatine kinase [U/l] | 30–200 | 148 ± 76.3 | 411 ± 170 | 208 ± 135 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
Creatinine [mg/dL] | 0.6–1.3 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.89 ± 0.1 | 0.80 ± 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.81 |
Sodium [mmol/L] | 136–145 | 140 ± 2 | 142 ± 2 | 139 ± 2 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.36 |
Potassium [mmol/L] | 3.5–5.1 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 0.14 | - | - | - |
Parameter | S1 | S2 | S3 | ANOVA | Post-Hoc p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | p-Value | S1 vs. S2 | S2 vs. S3 | S1 vs. S3 | |||
hs-cTnI [ng/mL] | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.09 | 0.00 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.98 |
H-FABP [ng/mL] | 2.22 ± 1.18 | 13.57 ± 9.63 | 1.47 ± 0.84 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
BNP [pg/mL] | 79.86 ± 53.11 | 155.38 ± 156.23 | 84.69 ± 50.01 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.94 |
NT-proANP [pg/mL] | 469.25 ± 155.44 | 753.3 ± 176.60 | 435.09 ± 170.79 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.31 |
Gal-3 [ng/mL] | 8.53 ± 3.04 | 10.65 ± 2.33 | 8.78 ± 1.67 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.92 |
GDF-15 [pg/mL] | 50.97 ± 27.61 | 137.34 ± 85.19 | 51.67 ± 24.45 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.97 |
Parameter | S2 | S3 |
---|---|---|
[%] | ||
Hemoglobin | 1.32 | −3.97 |
Hematocrit | 2.07 | −4.37 |
Red blood cells | 1.96 | −3.92 |
Creatine kinase | 177.7 | 40.54 |
Creatinine | 18.7 | 6.67 |
Sodium | 1.43 | −0.71 |
Potassium | 1.41 | −2.54 |
hs-cTnI | 500 | −56.76 |
H-FABP | 511.26 | −33.78 |
BNP | 79.74 | 20.37 |
NT-proANP | 60.54 | −7.28 |
Gal-3 | 24.85 | 2.93 |
GDF-15 | 169.45 | 1.37 |
hs-cTnI | H-FABP | BNP | NT-proANP | Gal-3 | GDF-15 | Time of Run | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | −0.43 a | −0.28 | 0.27 | −0.16 | −0.22 | 0.26 | 0.03 |
Time of run | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.10 | −0.25 | −0.14 | −0.37 | |
GDF-15 | −0.05 | 0.17 | −0.22 | 0.02 | 0.12 | ||
Gal-3 | 0.18 | 0.52 b | −0.35 | −0.03 | |||
NT-proANP | −0.04 | −0.02 | 0.27 | ||||
BNP | −0.23 | −0.10 | |||||
H-FABP | 0.55 c |
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Kaleta-Duss, A.M.; Lewicka-Potocka, Z.; Dąbrowska-Kugacka, A.; Raczak, G.; Lewicka, E. Myocardial Injury and Overload among Amateur Marathoners as Indicated by Changes in Concentrations of Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6191. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17176191
Kaleta-Duss AM, Lewicka-Potocka Z, Dąbrowska-Kugacka A, Raczak G, Lewicka E. Myocardial Injury and Overload among Amateur Marathoners as Indicated by Changes in Concentrations of Cardiovascular Biomarkers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6191. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17176191
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaleta-Duss, Anna Maria, Zuzanna Lewicka-Potocka, Alicja Dąbrowska-Kugacka, Grzegorz Raczak, and Ewa Lewicka. 2020. "Myocardial Injury and Overload among Amateur Marathoners as Indicated by Changes in Concentrations of Cardiovascular Biomarkers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6191. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17176191