Sex-Specific Effect of Obesity on Epiblepharon in Different Age Groups: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Data Source
2.2. Patient Identification
2.3. Body Mass Index (BMI)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Epiblepharon | Control | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) | 1.000 | ||
Female | 217 (42.3) | 434 (42.3) | |
Male | 296 (57.7) | 592 (57.7) | |
Age, years | |||
Mean ± SD (range) | 6.28 ± 3.66 (1–18) | 6.28 ± 3.66 (1–18) | 1.000 |
Age at baseline, years | 1.000 | ||
1–3 | 126 (24.6%) | 252 (24.6%) | |
4–6 | 191 (37.2%) | 382 (37.2%) | |
7–9 | 99 (19.3%) | 198 (19.3%) | |
10–12 | 55 (10.7%) | 110 (10.7%) | |
13–18 | 42 (8.2%) | 84 (8.2%) | |
BMI classification | <0.001 | ||
Normal | 307 (59.8%) | 746 (72.7%) | |
Overweight | 83 (16.2%) | 126 (12.3%) | |
Obese | 123 (24.0%) | 154 (15.0%) | |
BMI, median (Q1–Q3) | 17.0 (15.5–19.4) | 16.3 (15.0–18.1) | <0.001 |
Age (y) | Epiblepharon | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | BMI, Median (Q1–Q3) | p-Value | No. | BMI, Median (Q1–Q3) | p-Value | ||
1–3 | Yes | 82 | 16.7 (15.6–17.3) | 0.195 | 44 | 16.5 (15.6–17.4) | 0.034 |
No | 164 | 16.3 (15.5–17.4) | 88 | 15.9 (14.8–17.2) | |||
4–6 | Yes | 107 | 16.2 (15.1–18.1) | 0.012 | 84 | 15.6 (14.4–17.6) | 0.366 |
No | 214 | 15.7 (14.8–17.0) | 168 | 15.6 (14.6–16.8) | |||
7–9 | Yes | 54 | 18.9 (15.8–23.2) | 0.001 | 45 | 16.8 (15.4–19.1) | 0.169 |
No | 108 | 16.4 (14.9–18.4) | 90 | 16.0 (14.8–18.4) | |||
10–12 | Yes | 37 | 20.7 (17.3–22.9) | 0.289 | 18 | 18.7 (16.4–21.0) | 0.060 |
No | 74 | 19.0 (16.3–21.9) | 36 | 16.8 (14.8–18.6) | |||
13–18 | Yes | 16 | 25.1 (21.4–28.4) | 0.045 | 26 | 23.2 (19.5–27.2) | 0.008 |
No | 32 | 21.3 (19.8–24.9) | 52 | 19.5 (17.3–22.5) |
Age (y) | Overweight/ Obesity | Male | Female | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epiblepharon | Control | Epiblepharon | Control | ||||||||
N (%) | N (%) | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | N (%) | N (%) | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
1–3 | Yes | 21 (25.6) | 38 (23.2) | 1.14 | 0.62–2.11 | 0.673 | 15 (34.1) | 21 (23.9) | 1.65 | 0.75–3.65 | 0.216 |
No | 61 (74.4) | 126 (76.8) | 29 (65.9) | 67 (76.1) | |||||||
4–6 | Yes | 45 (42.1) | 63 (29.4) | 1.74 | 1.07–2.82 | 0.025 | 30 (35.7) | 38 (22.6) | 1.90 | 1.07–3.38 | 0.028 |
No | 62 (57.9) | 151 (70.6) | 54 (64.3) | 130 (77.4) | |||||||
7–9 | Yes | 31 (57.4) | 33 (30.6) | 3.06 | 1.56–6.03 | 0.001 | 14 (31.1) | 24 (26.7) | 1.24 | 0.57–2.72 | 0.589 |
No | 23 (42.6) | 75 (69.4) | 31 (68.9) | 66 (73.3) | |||||||
10–12 | Yes | 18 (48.7) | 29 (39.2) | 1.47 | 0.66–3.26 | 0.343 | 7 (38.9) | 6 (16.7) | 3.18 | 0.88–11.56 | 0.079 |
No | 19 (51.4) | 45 (60.8) | 11 (61.1) | 30 (83.3) | |||||||
13–18 | Yes | 10 (62.5) | 14 (43.8) | 2.14 | 0.63–7.33 | 0.225 | 15 (57.7) | 14 (26.9) | 3.70 | 1.38–9.97 | 0.010 |
No | 6 (37.5) | 18 (56.3) | 11 (42.3) | 38 (73.1) |
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Wang, J.-J.; Lai, C.-H.; Kuo, T.-Y.; Lin, M.-H.; Yang, Y.-H.; Chen, C.-Y. Sex-Specific Effect of Obesity on Epiblepharon in Different Age Groups: A Case-Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12839. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912839
Wang J-J, Lai C-H, Kuo T-Y, Lin M-H, Yang Y-H, Chen C-Y. Sex-Specific Effect of Obesity on Epiblepharon in Different Age Groups: A Case-Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12839. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912839
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jin-Jhe, Chien-Hsiung Lai, Ting-Yu Kuo, Meng-Hung Lin, Yao-Hsu Yang, and Chau-Yin Chen. 2022. "Sex-Specific Effect of Obesity on Epiblepharon in Different Age Groups: A Case-Control Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12839. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912839