Interactions between Malassezia and New Therapeutic Agents in Atopic Dermatitis Affecting Skin Barrier and Inflammation in Recombinant Human Epidermis Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Variation of Tissue Morphology of the AD-RHE Stimulated with Malassezia Restricta (MR)
2.2. Expression of Epidermal Skin Barrier and Antimicrobial Peptide-Related Molecules in AD-RHE Stimulated with Malassezia Restricta (MR)
2.3. Epidermal Permeability Barrier of the AD-RHE Stimulated with Malassezia Restricta (MR)
2.4. Expression of Genes Related to Th1, Th2, Th17 Inflammation in AD-RHE Stimulated with Malassezia Restricta (MR)
2.5. Protein Expression of Th2- and Th17-Related Molecules in AD-RHE Stimulated with Malassezia Restricta (MR)
2.6. Protein Expression of JAK/STAT pathway-Related Molecules in AD-RHE Stimulated with Malassezia Restricta (MR)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Malassezia Culture
4.2. HaCaT Cell Culture
4.3. Setting Up an In Vitro 2D AD Model
4.4. 3D Skin AD Modeling
4.5. Cell Viability Assay
4.6. Real-Time PCR
4.7. Western Blot Analysis
4.8. H&E Staining and Immunofluorescent Staining
4.9. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Normal Skin IL-4/IL-13 (-) | Barrier Disrupted Skin IL-4/IL-13 (+) | Barrier Recovered Skin IL-4/IL-13 (+) with anti-IL4Rα or Ruxolitinib | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
With M. restricta vs. Without M. restricta | MR (-) | MR (+) | MR (-) # | MR (+) | MR (-) † | MR (+) |
Skin barrier molecules | FLG, LOR, IVL | LOR↓ | FLG↓ LOR, IVL↓↓ | ↓ * | FLG, LOR↑ IVL↑↑ | LOR, IVL↓ |
Lipid synthesis | CERS3, ELOVL1 | CERS3↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ * | ↑↑ | CERS3↓↓, ELOVL1↓ |
Vascular | VEGF | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑ | ↓↓ | ↑ |
Innate immunity | IL-1β IL-17, IL-22 LL-37, β-D2 | IL-1β↑ IL-17↑ LL-37, β-D2↑↑ | IL-1β↑↑ IL-17, IL-22↑↑ β-D2↑ | IL-1β↑ * IL-17↑ * LL-37, β-D2↑ * | IL-1β↓ IL-17, IL-22↓↓ LL-37↑ | IL-1β↑ IL-17↑ LL-37, β-D2↑ |
Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines | IL-4, TSLP IL-1α, TNF-α CCL17, CCL22 | IL-4, TSLP↑↑ IL-1α↑↑, TNF-α↑ CCL17↑, CCL22↑↑ | ↑↑ | IL-4, TSLP↑ * CCL17, CCL22↑ * TNF-α↑ | IL-4, TSLP↓↓ IL-1α↓↓, TNF-α↓ CCL17↓, CCL22↓↓ | IL-4↑, TSLP↑↑ |
JAK/STAT pathway | JAK1, JAK2, STAT3 | JAK2, STAT3↑ | JAK2, STAT3↑↑ | ↑ * | JAK1, JAK2↓ STAT3↓↓ | ↑ |
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Lee, Y.-J.; Yassa, C.; Park, S.-H.; Song, S.W.; Jung, W.H.; Lee, Y.W.; Kang, H.; Kim, J.-E. Interactions between Malassezia and New Therapeutic Agents in Atopic Dermatitis Affecting Skin Barrier and Inflammation in Recombinant Human Epidermis Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6171. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24076171
Lee Y-J, Yassa C, Park S-H, Song SW, Jung WH, Lee YW, Kang H, Kim J-E. Interactions between Malassezia and New Therapeutic Agents in Atopic Dermatitis Affecting Skin Barrier and Inflammation in Recombinant Human Epidermis Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6171. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24076171
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Yu-Jin, Caren Yassa, Song-Hee Park, Seo Won Song, Won Hee Jung, Yang Won Lee, Hoon Kang, and Jung-Eun Kim. 2023. "Interactions between Malassezia and New Therapeutic Agents in Atopic Dermatitis Affecting Skin Barrier and Inflammation in Recombinant Human Epidermis Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6171. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24076171