Sialyltransferase Mutations Alter the Expression of Calcium-Binding Interneurons in Mice Neocortex, Hippocampus and Striatum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Ganglioside Distribution in the Brain of Genetically Modified St3gal2-null, St3gal3-null, and St3gal2/3-double null Mouse Models
2.2. Immunohistochemical Expression of Calcium-Binding Interneurons in the Neocortex of Genetically Modified St3gal2-null, St3gal3-null, and St3gal2/3-double null Mouse Models
2.3. Immunohistochemical Expression of Calcium-Binding Interneurons in the Hippocampus of Genetically Modified St3gal2-null, St3gal3-null, and St3gal2/3-double null Mouse Models
2.4. Immunohistochemical Expression of Calcium-Binding Interneurons in the Striatum of Genetically Modified St3gal2-null, St3gal3-null, and St3gal2/3-double null Mouse Models
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animal Models
4.2. Sample Preparation
4.3. Immunohistochemistry
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
- The consequence of a lack of ganglioside synthesis is visible as a quantitative change in the different types of mature interneurons.
- The difference in the number of mature interneurons could be related to the phenotype of individual mice.
- Sialyltransferases affect the total number of neurons and GABAergic-positive interneurons in the neocortex, of St3gal2-null, St3gal3-null and St3gal2/3-double null mice.
- In the striatum of all the genetically modified mouse models, there is an increase in the proportion of GABAergic interneurons.
- In the hippocampus, there is an increase in the expression of CR-positive interneurons in the DG region in St3gal2-null, St3gal3-null and St3gal2/3-double null mice and a decreased in the expression of CB-positive interneurons in St3gal2-null and St3gal3-null mice.
- Changes in the expression of PV-, CB- and CR-positive interneurons has a potential role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antigen | Antibody |
---|---|
GM1-1 | IgG anti-ganglioside monoclonal antibodies produced and donated by the Department of Pharmacology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (Baltimore, MD, USA) [24] |
GD1a-1 | |
GD1b-1 | |
GT1b-1 | |
NeuN | IgG anti-NeuN mouse monoclonal; Abcam (Cambridge, UK), (ab104224) |
GABA | IgG anti-GABA mouse monoclonal; Abcam (Cambridge, UK), (ab86186) |
Parvalbumin | Unconjugated anti-parvalbumin mouse monoclonal; Abcam, (Cambridge, UK), (ab277625) |
Calbindin | Unconjugated anti-calbindin mouse monoclonal; Abcam, (Cambridge, UK), (ab82812) |
Calretinin | Unconjugated anti-calretinin mouse monoclonal; Abcam (Cambridge, UK), (ab204990) |
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Blažetić, S.; Krajina, V.; Labak, I.; Viljetić, B.; Pavić, V.; Ivić, V.; Balog, M.; Schnaar, R.L.; Heffer, M. Sialyltransferase Mutations Alter the Expression of Calcium-Binding Interneurons in Mice Neocortex, Hippocampus and Striatum. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17218. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms242417218
Blažetić S, Krajina V, Labak I, Viljetić B, Pavić V, Ivić V, Balog M, Schnaar RL, Heffer M. Sialyltransferase Mutations Alter the Expression of Calcium-Binding Interneurons in Mice Neocortex, Hippocampus and Striatum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(24):17218. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms242417218
Chicago/Turabian StyleBlažetić, Senka, Vinko Krajina, Irena Labak, Barbara Viljetić, Valentina Pavić, Vedrana Ivić, Marta Balog, Ronald L. Schnaar, and Marija Heffer. 2023. "Sialyltransferase Mutations Alter the Expression of Calcium-Binding Interneurons in Mice Neocortex, Hippocampus and Striatum" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24: 17218. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms242417218