Peony Pollen Protects against Primary Dysmenorrhea in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response and Regulating the COX2/PGE2 Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Analysis of Peony Pollen
2.2. Peony Pollen Inhibits Mice Uterine Contraction In Vitro
2.3. Peony Pollen Ameliorates Pathological Symptoms in Dysmenorrhea Mice
2.4. Peony Pollen Reduced the Inflammatory Response in Dysmenorrhea Mice
2.5. Peony Pollen Treatment Inhibiting COX-2/PGE2 Pathway in Dysmenorrhea Mice
2.6. Peony Pollen Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Dysmenorrhea Mice
2.7. Peony Pollen Alleviates Endometrial Epithelial Cell Apoptosis in Dysmenorrhea Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation of Peony Pollen Mice
4.2. Peony Pollen Alleviates Endometrial Epithelial Cell Apoptosis in Dysmenorrhea Mice
4.2.1. Chemical and Reagents
4.2.2. Analysis of Peony Pollen by High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic
4.2.3. Uterus Contraction Test In Vitro
4.2.4. Animal Treatment
4.2.5. Behavioral Analysis
4.2.6. Detection of PGE2 and PGF2α in Uterus
4.2.7. Detection of SOD, MDA, and GSH-PX in Uterus
4.2.8. Histopathology Analysis
4.2.9. Immunofluorescence Analysis
4.2.10. Tunel Analysis
4.2.11. Western Blot Analysis
4.2.12. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | Content (mg/g) | Mean | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20220912 | 20220914 | 20220915 | 20220917 | ||
Gallic Acid | 0.492 | 0.491 | 0.494 | 0.490 | 0.492 |
Oxypaeoniflorin | 3.442 | 3.434 | 3.411 | 3.383 | 3.416 |
Paeoniflorin | 2.448 | 2.472 | 2.428 | 2.418 | 2.442 |
Limocitrin-3-O-sophoroside | 13.462 | 13.569 | 13.524 | 13.128 | 13.421 |
Ellagic Acid | 0.572 | 0.566 | 0.566 | 0.546 | 0.563 |
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Yang, X.; Tian, Y.; Liu, J.; Kou, Y.; Xie, Y.; Wang, S.; Zhao, Y. Peony Pollen Protects against Primary Dysmenorrhea in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response and Regulating the COX2/PGE2 Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17245. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms242417245
Yang X, Tian Y, Liu J, Kou Y, Xie Y, Wang S, Zhao Y. Peony Pollen Protects against Primary Dysmenorrhea in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response and Regulating the COX2/PGE2 Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(24):17245. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms242417245
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xu, Yunyuan Tian, Jincai Liu, Yaoyao Kou, Yanhua Xie, Siwang Wang, and Ye Zhao. 2023. "Peony Pollen Protects against Primary Dysmenorrhea in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response and Regulating the COX2/PGE2 Pathway" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24: 17245. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms242417245