Delving into the Causes and Effects of Entomopathogenic Endophytic Metarhizium brunneum Foliar Application-Related Mortality in Spodoptera littoralis Larvae
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects
2.2. Fungal Strain
2.3. Colonization of Melon Plants
2.4. Effect of Exposure of S. littoralis to Metarhizium-Colonized Melon Discs
2.5. Effect of the in Planta Exposure of S. littoralis to Metarhizium-Colonized Melon Leaves
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Exposure of S. littoralis to Metarhizium-Colonized Melon Discs
3.1.1. Mortality and Food Consumption
3.1.2. Sublethal Reproductive Effects of Exposure of S. littoralis to Metarhizium-Colonized Melon Discs
3.1.3. Stress Induced via Caspase Activation Following the Ingestion of Metarhizium-Colonized Melon Discs
3.2. Effect of in Planta Exposure of S. littoralis to Metarhizium-Colonized Melon Leaves
3.2.1. Mortality and Food Consumption
3.2.2. Stress Induced via Caspase Activation after the Exposure of S. littoralis to Metarhizium-Colonized Melon Leaves
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disc Assay c | In Planta Assay d | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal Plant | Damaged Plant | |||||
Mortality a (%) | AST b (days) | Mortality a (%) | AST b (days) | Mortality a (%) | AST b (days) | |
Control | 11.7 ± 4.2 a | 7.5 ± 0.2 a | 12.5 ± 12.5 a | 6.9 ± 0.7 a | 70.8 ± 7.7 b | 3.3 ± 0.6 a |
Colonized | 45.0 ± 1.4 b | 6.6 ± 0.2 b | 58.3 ± 12.4 b | 5.2 ± 0.6 a | 87.5 ± 8.5 b | 3.1 ± 0.5 a |
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Garrido-Jurado, I.; Montes-Moreno, D.; Sanz-Barrionuevo, P.; Quesada-Moraga, E. Delving into the Causes and Effects of Entomopathogenic Endophytic Metarhizium brunneum Foliar Application-Related Mortality in Spodoptera littoralis Larvae. Insects 2020, 11, 429. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11070429
Garrido-Jurado I, Montes-Moreno D, Sanz-Barrionuevo P, Quesada-Moraga E. Delving into the Causes and Effects of Entomopathogenic Endophytic Metarhizium brunneum Foliar Application-Related Mortality in Spodoptera littoralis Larvae. Insects. 2020; 11(7):429. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11070429
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarrido-Jurado, Inmaculada, David Montes-Moreno, Pilar Sanz-Barrionuevo, and Enrique Quesada-Moraga. 2020. "Delving into the Causes and Effects of Entomopathogenic Endophytic Metarhizium brunneum Foliar Application-Related Mortality in Spodoptera littoralis Larvae" Insects 11, no. 7: 429. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11070429