Species Separation within, and Preliminary Phylogeny for, the Leafhopper Genus Anoscopus with Particular Reference to the Putative British Endemic Anoscopus duffieldi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Specimen Collection
2.2. Choice of Molecular Markers
2.3. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification
2.4. Sequencing Analysis
2.5. Phylogenetic Analyses
2.6. Population-Level Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Nucleotide and Haplotype Diversity
3.2. Phylogenetic Analyses
3.3. Population Level Analyses
4. Discussion
4.1. Anoscopus duffieldi and Related Taxa (Albifrons Subgroup)
4.2. Other Anoscopus Species (Albiger Subgroup)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Availability of Data and Material
References
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Anoscopus Species | Collection Site | Ordnance Survey + | Co-Ordinates (N, E) | Year Collected | Storage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
albifrons | Dungeness, Kent | TR076190 | 50.933074, 0.95310771 | 2013 | 100% Ethanol * |
Newtimber Hill, Sussex | TQ268119 | 50.892674, −0.19846861 | 2015 | 100% Ethanol | |
albiger | Wartling, Sussex | TQ666085 | 50.852027, 0.36542503 | 2014/15 | Dried/100% Ethanol |
alpinus | Mt Kralicky Sneznik, Czech Rep. | 50.206401, 16.849404 | 2015 | 100% Ethanol | |
duffieldi | Dungeness, Kent | TR076190 | 50.933074, 0.95310771 | 2014/15 | 100% Ethanol |
flavostriatus | Winding Bottom, Sussex | TQ191087 | 50.865548, −0.30893968 | 2013 | Dried |
2014/15 | 100% Ethanol | ||||
limicola | Colne Point, Essex | TM108124 | 51.770566, 1.0538762 | 2011 | 100% Ethanol * |
Malacleit, Outer Hebrides | NF790730 | 56.632199, −7.3805002 | 2012 | Dried | |
serratulae | Rye Harbour, Sussex | TQ931192 | 50.939904, 0.74711850 | 2015 | 100% Ethanol |
histrionicus | Merthyr Common, Wales | SO071058 | 51.743173, −3.3469341 | 2015 | Ethanol § |
Locus | Primer Name | Primer Sequence (5′–3′) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
CO1 | LCO1490 | GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG | Folmer et al., 1994 [40] |
HCO2198 | TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA | ||
16S | LR-J-12887 | CCGGTYTGAACTCARATCAWGT | Fu et al., 2014 [41] |
LR-N-13398 | CTGTTTAWCAAAAACATTTC | ||
28S | 28SP | AGTCGKGTTGCTTGAKAGTGCAG | Zahniser, 2008 [43] |
28SM2 | TTCGGGTCCCAACGTGTACG | ||
28SII’(F) | GGGACCCGTCTTGAAACAC | Dietrich et al., 2001 [38] | |
28SII’(R) | ACCCTCCTACTCGTCAAGG |
Species | CO1 | 16S | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
d (%) | S.E. (%) | d (%) | S.E. (%) | |
albifrons | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
albiger | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
alpinus | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
duffieldi | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
flavostriatus | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
limicola | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
serratulae | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
Species | CO1 | 16S rRNA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Haplotype Diversity | Nucleotide Diversity | Haplotype Diversity | Nucleotide Diversity | |
A. albifrons | 0.81 | 0.004 | 0.5 | 0.001 |
A. albiger | 1.00 | 0.024 | 0.46 | 0.003 |
A. alpinus | 0.98 | 0.006 | 0.29 | 0.0007 |
A. duffieldi | 0.68 | 0.003 | 0.44 | 0.001 |
A. flavostriatus | 0.65 | 0.001 | 0.33 | 0.0009 |
A. limicola | 0.38 | 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.0009 |
A. serratulae | 0.81 | 0.004 | 0.29 | 0.001 |
Loci and Species Name | Mean Genetic Distance/Standard Error (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
CO1 | ||||||
1. albifrons | 1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.2 | |
2. albiger | 10.2 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | |
3. alpinus | 6.2 | 10.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.9 | |
4. duffieldi | 0.35 | 10.05 | 6.35 | 1.2 | 0.4 | |
5. flavostriatus | 13.25 | 4.15 | 13.25 | 13.1 | 1.2 | |
6. limicola | 0.05 | 10.65 | 6.55 | 0.8 | 13.7 | |
7. serratulae | 11.4 | 6.7 | 11.7 | 11.15 | 8.25 | 11.85 |
16S | ||||||
1. albifrons | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.1 | |
2. albiger | 5.25 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.2 | |
3. alpinus | 1.95 | 5.2 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | |
4. duffieldi | 0.15 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 1 | 0.3 | |
5. flavostriatus | 5.25 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 1 | |
6. limicola | 0 | 5.35 | 2.15 | 0.15 | 5.35 | |
7. serratulae | 5.05 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 5.05 |
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Redihough, J.; Russo, I.-R.M.; Stewart, A.J.A.; Malenovský, I.; Stockdale, J.E.; Moorhouse-Gann, R.J.; Wilson, M.R.; Symondson, W.O.C. Species Separation within, and Preliminary Phylogeny for, the Leafhopper Genus Anoscopus with Particular Reference to the Putative British Endemic Anoscopus duffieldi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Insects 2020, 11, 799. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11110799
Redihough J, Russo I-RM, Stewart AJA, Malenovský I, Stockdale JE, Moorhouse-Gann RJ, Wilson MR, Symondson WOC. Species Separation within, and Preliminary Phylogeny for, the Leafhopper Genus Anoscopus with Particular Reference to the Putative British Endemic Anoscopus duffieldi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Insects. 2020; 11(11):799. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11110799
Chicago/Turabian StyleRedihough, Joanna, Isa-Rita M. Russo, Alan J. A. Stewart, Igor Malenovský, Jennifer E. Stockdale, Rosemary J. Moorhouse-Gann, Michael R. Wilson, and William O. C. Symondson. 2020. "Species Separation within, and Preliminary Phylogeny for, the Leafhopper Genus Anoscopus with Particular Reference to the Putative British Endemic Anoscopus duffieldi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)" Insects 11, no. 11: 799. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11110799