Contact Sensitization to the Allergens of European Baseline Series in Patients With Chronic Leg Ulcers

Background and Objective. The pattern of contact sensitization among patients with chronic leg ulcers depends on the local practice of wound treatment along with demographic and clinical confounders. The study was aimed at revealing the associations between chronic leg ulcers and contact sensitization.
Material and Methods. Between 2006 and 2008, 35 patients with chronic leg ulcers and surrounding dermatitis and 59 patients with contact dermatitis of the lower leg or foot were prospectively recruited at the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Demographic and clinical data were collected in accordance with the “minimal data set” of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy. Patch testing was performed with the allergens of the European baseline series.
Results. At least one positive patch test reaction was found in 28 (80%) of the patients with chronic leg ulcers and in 24 (41%) of the patients with dermatitis of the lower leg or foot (P<0.001). Sensitization to some of the most common allergens, namely colophony, Myroxylon pereirae resin, and methyldibromo glutaronitrile, was prevalent in both the groups of patients, whereas sensitization to benzocaine, p-phenylenediamine, and lanolin alcohol was associated with the presence of chronic leg ulcers. Benzocaine was found to be the leading allergen among patients with chronic leg ulcers (positive patch test reactions in 34.4% of the patients).
Conclusions. Contact sensitization to benzocaine, p-phenylenediamine, and lanolin was found to be associated with the presence of chronic leg ulcers.