The Metabolomic Profile of Lymphoma Subtypes: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Population
4.2. Samples Preparation and GC-MS Analysis
4.3. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples are not available from the authors. |
N | Gender | Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | F | M/F | Mean | sd | ||
Controls | 96 | 50 | 46 | 1.09 | 57.0 | 12.87 |
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma | 13 | 6 | 7 | 0.86 | 62.2 | 10.46 |
Follicular Lymphoma | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1.67 | 47.9 | 8.36 |
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0.50 | 62.0 | 15.23 |
Multiple Myeloma | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1.25 | 61.7 | 7.00 |
Other B-cell Lymphoma | 14 | 10 | 4 | 2.50 | 59.7 | 7.92 |
B-cell Lymphoma (total) | 50 | 28 | 22 | 1.27 | 59.1 | 10.52 |
Hodgkin Lymphoma | 10 | 4 | 6 | 0.67 | 38.2 | 12.22 |
T-cell Lymphoma | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | 59.5 | - |
Unspecified Lymphoma subtype | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1.0 | 63.8 | 15.17 |
All lymphomas | 66 | 36 | 30 | 1.20 | 57.3 | 13.22 |
Metabolite | Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) | Follicular Lymphoma (FL) | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) | Multiple Myeloma (MM) | Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p-Value | FDR | Trend | p-Value | FDR | Trend | p-Value | FDR | Trend | p-Value | FDR | Trend | p-Value | FDR | Trend | |
2-Aminoadipic acid | 0.0021 | 0.0279 | ↓ | 0.00048 | 0.0079 | ↓ | |||||||||
2-Aminoheptanedioic acid | 4.3 × 10−6 | 0.0004 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
3-Hydroxybutyric acid | 0.0017 | 0.0279 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
3-Phosphoglycerate | 0.00124 | 0.0401 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
A148003 | 9.95 × 10−5 | 0.0042 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
A203003 | 0.00024 | 0.0065 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Aspartic acid | 3.41 × 10−4 | 0.0096 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Carbonic acid | 0.00692 | 0.0405 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Erythritol | 0.0026 | 0.0279 | ↑ | 0.00503 | 0.0327 | ↑ | |||||||||
Ethanolamine | 8.02 × 10−4 | 0.0233 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Fucose | 0.0045 | 0.0421 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Glucoheptonic acid 1,4-lactone | 0.0004 | 0.0079 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Glucose | 1.97 × 10−4 | 0.0088 | ↓ | 0.00374 | 0.0481 | ↓ | |||||||||
Glutamic acid | 0.00363 | 0.0271 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Glycine | 0.0011 | 0.0231 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Hippuric acid | 7.28 × 10−5 | 0.0032 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Hypoxanthine | 1.03 × 10−5 | 0.0004 | ↑ | 0.00134 | 0.0401 | ↑ | |||||||||
Iminodiacetic acid | 0.00338 | 0.0271 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Inositol | 0.00811 | 0.0443 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Lactic acid | 3.26 × 10−5 | 0.0029 | ↑ | 0.00257 | 0.0481 | ↑ | |||||||||
Linoleic acid | 0.00372 | 0.0481 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Mannose | 0.0027 | 0.0279 | ↑ | 0.00104 | 0.0122 | ↑ | |||||||||
Ornithine | 0.0093 | 0.0476 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Palmitic acid | 0.00286 | 0.0481 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Phosphate | 8.7 × 10−4 | 0.0401 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Proline+CO2 | 0.006 | 0.0455 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Quinic acid | 2.91 × 10−5 | 0.0025 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Tryptophan | 0.00074 | 0.0102 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Unknown 1314 | 8.30 × 10−6 | 0.0004 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Unknown 1342 | 0.00519 | 0.0327 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
Unknown 2028 | 0.00344 | 0.0271 | ↓ | ||||||||||||
Uric acid | 0.01032 | 0.0498 | ↑ |
Comparison | Number of Components | Accuracy | R2 | Q2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
DLBCL/C | 2 | 0.945 | 0.845 | 0.600 |
FL/C | 5 | 0.857 | 0.973 | 0.131 |
CLL/C | 2 | 1.00 | 0.911 | 0.734 |
MM/C | 4 | 0.933 | 0.949 | 0.613 |
HL/C | 4 | 0.935 | 0.950 | 0.679 |
Metabolite | Class e | HMDB ID | CAS | DLBCL | CLL | MM | HL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2-Aminoadipic acid a | AA | HMDB0000510 | 7620-28-2 | ↓ | ↓ | ||
2-Aminoheptanedioic acid a | AA | HMDB0034252 | 3721-85-5 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |
2-Hydroxybutyric acid c | HA | HMDB0000008 | 600-15-7 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
3-Aminoisobutyric acid c | AA | HMDB0003911 | 144-90-1 | ↓ | ↑ | ||
3-Hydroxybutyric acid c | HA | HMDB0000357 | 300-85-6 | ↑ | |||
3-Phosphoglyceric acid b | HA | HMDB0000807 | 820-11-1 | ↑ | |||
4-Hydroxyproline c | AA | HMDB0000725 | 51-35-4 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
A148003 b | - | - | - | ↓ | ↓ | ||
A203003 b | - | - | - | ↑ | |||
Aspartic acid c | AA | HMDB0000191 | 56-84-8 | ↓ | |||
Cis-Aconitic acid c | A | HMDB0000072 | 585-84-2 | ↓ | ↓ | ||
Cysteine c | AA | HMDB0000574 | 52-90-4 | ↓ | ↑ | ||
Elaidic acid c | FA | HMDB0000573 | 112-79-8 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
Erythritol c | PO | HMDB0002994 | 149-32-6 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Erythronic acid b | HA | HMDB0000613 | 13752-84-6 | ↑ | |||
Ethanolamine c | Am | HMDB0000149 | 141-43-5 | ↓ | |||
Fructose c | S | HMDB0000660 | 53188-23-1 | ↓ | |||
Fucose c | S | HMDB0000174 | 2438-80-4 | ↑ | |||
Glucoheptonic acid b | HA | - | 87-74-1 | ↓ | ↓ | ||
Gluconic acid c | HA | HMDB0000625 | 526-95-4 | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | |
Glutamic acid c | AA | HMDB0000148 | 56-86-0 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
Glycerol-3-Phosphate c | PO | HMDB0000126 | 57-03-4 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Glycine c | AA | HMDB0000123 | 56-40-6 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Glycolic acid c | HA | HMDB0000115 | 79-14-1 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Hippuric acid c | A | HMDB0000714 | 495-69-2 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | |
Hypoxanthine c | P | HMDB0000157 | 68-94-0 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
Iminodiacetic acid c | A | HMDB0011753 | 142-73-4 | ↓ | |||
Inositol-like d | PO | - | - | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Inositol phosphate a | PO | HMDB0002985 | 15421-51-9 | ↑ | |||
Lactic acid c | HA | HMDB0000190 | 79-33-4 | ↑ | |||
Linoleic acid c | FA | HMDB0000673 | 60-33-3 | ↑ | |||
Mannitol c | PO | HMDB0000765 | 69-65-8 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Monosaccharide 1886 | S | - | - | ↓ | ↑ | ||
Myristic acid c | FA | HMDB0000806 | 544-63-8 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Oleic acid c | FA | HMDB0000207 | 112-80-1 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
Ornithine c | AA | HMDB0000214 | 3184-13-2 | ↑ | |||
Palmitic acid c | FA | HMDB0000220 | 57-10-3 | ↑ | |||
Palmitoleic acid c | FA | HMDB0003229 | 373-49-9 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
Phosphate c | I | HMDB0001429 | 14265-44-2 | ↓ | ↑ | ||
Proline+CO2 b | AA | - | - | ↓ | |||
Pyroglutamic acid c | AA | HMDB0000267 | 98-79-3 | ↑ | |||
Pyrophosphate a | I | HMDB0000250 | 14000-31-8 | ↓ | |||
Quinic acid b | HA | HMDB0003072 | 77-95-2 | ↓ | ↓ | ||
Serine c | AA | HMDB0000187 | 56-45-1 | ↑ | |||
Serotonin a | Am | HMDB0000259 | 50-67-9 | ↓ | |||
Stearic acid c | FA | HMDB0000827 | 57-11-4 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Succinic acid c | A | HMDB0000254 | 110-15-6 | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Sucrose c | S | HMDB0000258 | 57-50-1 | ↓ | |||
Threitol c | PO | HMDB0004136 | 2418-52-2 | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | |
Tryptophan c | AA | HMDB0000929 | 73-22-3 | ↓ | ↑ | ||
Unknown 1314 | - | - | - | ↓ | |||
Unknown 1910 | - | - | - | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
Unknown 2028 | - | - | - | ↓ | ↓ | ||
Uric acid c | P | HMDB0000289 | 69-93-2 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
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Barberini, L.; Noto, A.; Fattuoni, C.; Satta, G.; Zucca, M.; Cabras, M.G.; Mura, E.; Cocco, P. The Metabolomic Profile of Lymphoma Subtypes: A Pilot Study. Molecules 2019, 24, 2367. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24132367
Barberini L, Noto A, Fattuoni C, Satta G, Zucca M, Cabras MG, Mura E, Cocco P. The Metabolomic Profile of Lymphoma Subtypes: A Pilot Study. Molecules. 2019; 24(13):2367. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24132367
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarberini, Luigi, Antonio Noto, Claudia Fattuoni, Giannina Satta, Mariagrazia Zucca, Maria Giuseppina Cabras, Ester Mura, and Pierluigi Cocco. 2019. "The Metabolomic Profile of Lymphoma Subtypes: A Pilot Study" Molecules 24, no. 13: 2367. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24132367