Phytic Acid Protects from Oxidative Stress Induced by Iron-Overload and High-Fat Diets in ß2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Diets
2.2. Reagents and Chemicals
2.3. Nonheme Iron Determination
2.4. Free Iron Determination
2.5. Lipid Peroxidation
2.6. Total Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity
2.7. Catalase Activity
2.8. Serum Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol
2.9. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Weight Gain in WT and β2m KO Mice
3.2. Iron Indices, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Serum Lipids in WT and ß2m KO Mice
3.3. Combined Effect of High-Fat Diets and Iron Overload
3.4. The Beneficial Effect of PA on Lowering the Consequences Associated with Iron Overload
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control Diet 1 (g/kg) | AT Diet 2 (g/kg) | PUFA Diet 2 (g/kg) | |
---|---|---|---|
Casein | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 |
L-Cystine | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Corn Starch | 397.5 | 298.3 | 315.8 |
Maltodextrin | 132.0 | 132.0 | 132.0 |
Sucrose | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Soybean Oil | 70.0 | 75.0 | -------- |
Cocoa Butter | -------- | 75.0 | -------- |
Cholesterol | -------- | 12.5 | -------- |
Cholic Acid | -------- | 5.0 | -------- |
Safflower Oil | -------- | -------- | 150.0 |
Cellulose | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
Mineral Mix, AN-93G-MX | 35.0 | 35.0 | 35.0 |
Vitamin Mix, AIN-93G-VX | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
Choline Bitartrate | 2.5 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
TBHQ (Antioxidant) | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.014 |
WT | ß2m KO | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diet | Control | Control | Control + PA | AT | AT + PA | PUFA | PUFA + PA |
Initial Weight (g) | 14.5 ± 0.4 | 17.2 ± 0.3 | 15.9 ± 0.5 | 17.5 ± 0.6 | 16.5 ± 0.5 | 22.6 ± 0.2 | 23.1 ± 1.2 |
Final Weight (g) | 27.0 ± 0.3 | 30.3 ± 0.6 | 27.9 ± 0.7 | 27.2 ± 0.2 | 26.2 ± 0.4 | 29.0 ± 0.8 | 31.7 ± 0.9 |
% Weight Gain 2 | 86.2 ± 0.4.5 | 76.2 ± 3.8 ab | 75.5 ± 5.6 b | 55.4 ± 6.4 c | 58.9 ± 4.3 bc | 28.8 ± 2.8 d | 37.2 ± 3.0 de |
WT | ß2m KO3 | p2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Control | AT | PUFA | ||
N | 10 | 12 | 11 | 8 | |
Iron Indices | |||||
Liver Iron (µg/g) 4 | 66 ± 5.9 | 1455 ± 191 a | 400 ± 25 b | 1260 ± 173 ac | <0.0001 |
Heart Iron (µg/g) 4 | 52.6 ± 3.6 | 36.9 ± 5.5 ab | 64.1 ± 14.3 bc | 83.5 ± 3.6 c | 0.027 |
Free Iron (µmol/L) | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 22.5 ± 3.2 | 19.1 ± 4.1 | 22.3 ± 2.6 | <0.0001 |
Oxidative Stress Indices 4 | |||||
SOD (Unit/g) 3 | 197.8 ± 8.7 | 161.0 ± 12.4 a | 81.1 ± 6.9 bc | 100.9 ± 14.2 c | 0.030 |
Catalase (nmol/g) | 1.03 ± 0.5 | 1.21 ± 0.7 ab | 1.05 ± 0.8 a | 1.3 ± 0.4 b | 0.056 |
TBARs (nmol/g) | 15 ± 0.2 | 105 ± 10 a | 320 ± 28 b | 199 ± 11 c | <0.0001 |
Lipid Profile 4 | |||||
Triacylglycerol (mg/dL) | 65.6 ± 6 | 125.1 ±23.8 ab | 94.9 ± 22 b | 233.3 ± 10.3 c | <0.0001 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 156.4 ± 7.8 | 155.6 ± 7.3 ac | 200.4 ± 13.0 b | 151.1 ± 3.2 c | 0.935 |
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Aguree, S.; Guo, L.; Reddy, M.B. Phytic Acid Protects from Oxidative Stress Induced by Iron-Overload and High-Fat Diets in ß2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice. Molecules 2020, 25, 5331. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25225331
Aguree S, Guo L, Reddy MB. Phytic Acid Protects from Oxidative Stress Induced by Iron-Overload and High-Fat Diets in ß2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice. Molecules. 2020; 25(22):5331. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25225331
Chicago/Turabian StyleAguree, Sixtus, Ling Guo, and Manju B. Reddy. 2020. "Phytic Acid Protects from Oxidative Stress Induced by Iron-Overload and High-Fat Diets in ß2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice" Molecules 25, no. 22: 5331. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25225331