Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease
2.1. Impact of RB Derived Bioactive Chemical Compounds
2.2. Impact of RB Derived Bioactive Peptides
2.3. Impact of Rice Bran Oil
3. Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds and Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
3.1. Impact of RB Phenolics and Other Chemical Compounds
3.2. Impact of RB Bioactive Peptides
3.3. Impact of Rice Bran Oil
4. Bioactive Compounds: Hormesis and Bioavailability
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Variety (Source) | Target Group | Study Design and Intervention | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact of rice bran derived bioactive chemical compounds | |||||
Leaf, RB, brown and polished rice grains |
|
|
|
| [28] |
Feruloylated oligosaccharides from RB | Unknown | In vitro cell culture, RAW264.7 cells |
|
| [29] |
RB policosanol extract | Unknown (sourced from Bernas milling factory in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia) | In vitro animal, Sprague–Dawley rat platelets |
|
| [30] |
RB enzymatic extract | Unknown | In vivo animal, ApoE−/− mice (n = 15) |
|
| [34] |
RB enzymatic extract | Unknown | In vivo animal, ApoE−/− mice (n = 5–15) |
|
| [18] |
RB enzymatic extract | Unknown (sourced from Dr. Juan Parrado from University of Seville) | In vivo animal, Zucker rats (n = 7) |
|
| [35] |
RB enzymatic extract | Unknown | In vivo animal, Zucker rats (n = 7) |
|
| [36] |
Resveratrol formulation with 5% quercetin and 5% RB phytate (commercially known as Longevinex) | Unknown | In vivo animal, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 4–6) |
|
| [31] |
RB enzymatic extract | Unknown | In vivo animal, male Wistar rats (n = 50) |
|
| [37] |
Navy bean and RB | Unknown (RB was sourced from US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Centre) | In vivo human, children with dyslipidaemia (n = 38) |
| After RB consumption:
| [32] |
Acylated steryl glucosides (PSG) | Unknown | In vivo human, post-menopausal Vietnamese women (n = 60) |
|
| [27] |
Whole-grain cold breakfast cereal, dark bread, oatmeal, brown rice, popcorn, bran and germ | Unknown | In vivo human (n = 71,750 women and 42,823 men) |
|
| [38] |
Impact of rice bran derived bioactive peptides | |||||
RB bioactive peptides | Unknown | In vitro cell culture, Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) |
|
| [39] |
RB protein hydrolysate | Jasmine rice (Hom Mali 105) | In vivo animal, Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 16) |
|
| [40] |
RB protein hydrolysate | Jasmine rice (Hom Mali 105) | In vivo animal, Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = unknown) |
|
| [41] |
Impact of rice bran oil | |||||
Esterified RB oil | Unknown |
|
|
| [42] |
RB oil | Unknown (sourced from a local supermarket, Mysuru, India) | In vivo animal, male Wistar rats (n = unknown) |
| Regular RB oil diet containing unsaponifiable fraction:
| [44] |
Coconut oil, canola oil, and physically refined RB oil | Unknown (RB oil was sourced from TSUNO, Osaka, Japan) | In vivo animal, Experiment 1 8-week-old male F1B golden hamsters (n = 30) Experiment 210-week-old male F1B golden hamsters (n = 36) | Experiment 1
| RB oil diet resulted in:
| [45] |
Coconut oil with blended RB oil or sesame oil | Unknown (RB oil was provided by A.P. Solvex Limited, Dhuri, India) | In vivo animal, male Wistar rats (n = 6) |
|
| [47] |
Palm oil, RB oil and coconut oil. | Unknown (sourced from Alfa OneTM Rice Bran Oil; Hansell Food Group) | In vivo human, healthy participants (n = 26) |
| Palm oil diet: ↑ Susceptibility to develop exaggerated chylomicron remnantaemia which may contribute to atherogenic risk RB or coconut oil diet:
| [48] |
RB oil | Unknown (prepared by the Arian Top Noosh Company, Tehran, Iran) | In vivo human, hyperlipidemic participants (n = 50) |
|
| [49] |
RB and sunflower oil | Unknown | In vivo human, hyperlipidaemia participants (n = 14) |
|
| [50] |
Blend (70:30) of RB and safflower oil | Unknown (sourced from Saffola® Total, Marico Ltd., India) | In vivo human, hyperlipidemic participants (n = 80) |
|
| [51] |
RB and sesame blend (80:20) | Unknown (sourced from Adani Wilmar Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India) | In vivo human, mild-to-moderate hypertensive (n = 300) and normotensive subjects (n = 100) |
| Normotensives treated with RB/sesame oil blend: = Lipid profile Hypertensives treated with RB/sesame oil blend:
| [53] |
RB and safflower blend (80:20) | Unknown | In vivo human, hyperlipidaemia patients (n = 73) |
|
| [52] |
Sample | Variety (Source) | Target Group | Study Design and Intervention | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact of rice bran phenolics and other chemical compounds | |||||
| Unknown |
| In vitro experiment:
| In vitro analysis:
| [66] |
| Unknown |
| In vitro experiment:
| In vitro experiment:
| [67] |
Driselase and ethanol fractions of RB | Unknown | In vivo animal, male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (n = unknown) |
| Plasma biochemical parameters:
| [68] |
| Unknown | In vivo animal, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats of Izumo strain (n = 6 per test group) |
| Driselase diet:
| [69] |
Driselase treated fraction of RB | Unknown | In vivo animal, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats of Izumo strain (n = 4 per test group) |
|
| [70] |
Fermented RB | Unknown (sourced from Sunbran Company, Tendo, Japan) | In vivo animal, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats of Izumo strain (n = 4 or 6 per test group) |
| Single-dose supplement:
| [71] |
RB and milled rice flour | Unknown | In vivo human, T2DM patients (n = 28) |
| RB treatment group:
| [72] |
Impact of rice bran bioactive peptides | |||||
RB peptides | Unknown (sourced from SATAKE Co. Ltd., Higshi-Hiroshima, Japan) | In vitro assay |
|
| [73] |
RB protein hydrolysates | Jasmine rice (Hom Mali 105) | In vitro cell culture, HepG2 cells |
|
| [19] |
RB protein hydrolysates | Unknown (sourced from The Organic Agriculture Community Enterprise, Lopburi province, Thailand) | In vivo animal, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7 each test group) |
|
| [75] |
RB enzymatic extract | Unknown | In vivo animal, obese Zucker rats and their lean littermates (n = 7 each per group) |
| Obese Zucker rats under RB enzymatic extract:
| [76] |
RB enzymatic extract | Unknown (sourced from the Enzymatic Production Technology Group of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville Spain) | In vivo animal, obese Zucker rats (n = 6–8 per test group) |
| Obese Zucker rats under RB enzymatic extract:
| [77] |
RB fortified soymilk and sugar-free soymilk | Unknown (sourced from Sunstar group, Osaka, Japan) | In vivo human, healthy, Chinese males (n = 17) |
|
| [78] |
Impact of rice bran oil | |||||
RB and soybean oil | Unknown | In vivo animal, male Wistar rats (n = 32) |
| RB oil diet (test) compared to the soybean oil diet (control):
| [80] |
RB and soybean oil | Unknown | In vivo animal, male Wistar rats (n = 16) |
| RB oil diet (test) compared to the soybean oil diet (control):
| [79] |
Groundnut oil, RB oil, and sesame oil | Unknown | In vivo animal, male Wistar rats (n = unknown) |
| RB and sesame oil:
| [81] |
RB and soybean oil | Unknown | In vivo human, T2DM patients (n = 35) |
| RB oil group:
| [82] |
Sunflower, canola and RB oil | Unknown | In vivo human, postmenopausal women with T2DM (n = 72) |
| Canola and RB oil diet compared with sunflower oil control diet:
| [83] |
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Share and Cite
Saji, N.; Francis, N.; Schwarz, L.J.; Blanchard, C.L.; Santhakumar, A.B. Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2736. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu11112736
Saji N, Francis N, Schwarz LJ, Blanchard CL, Santhakumar AB. Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2736. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu11112736
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaji, Nancy, Nidhish Francis, Lachlan J. Schwarz, Christopher L. Blanchard, and Abishek B. Santhakumar. 2019. "Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2736. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu11112736