Vegetation Composition of the Halophytic Grass Aeluropus lagopoides Communities within Coastal and Inland Sabkhas of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Floristic Composition of the Studied Regions
2.2. Vegetation Analysis of the Studied Regions
2.3. Vegetation-Soil Relationship
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area
- (1)
- Salwa; coastal sabkha as lowland on the coast of the Arabian Gulf,
- (2)
- Jizan; coastal sabkha on the Southern Coastal Region of Jizan on the Red Sea coast,
- (3)
- Qareenah; inland sabkha in wadi Hargan, Riyadh Region,
- (4)
- Qaseem, inland sabkha of the Al-Aushazia location, and
- (5)
- Jouf; inland sabkha in Domat Aljandal.
4.2. Vegetative Sampling
4.3. Soil Sampling and Analysis
4.4. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Richness | Evenness | 1st Dominant | 2nd Dominant | Important Species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qareenah | 2.53 | 0.90 | Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites (44.41) * | Zygophyllum coccineum L. (25.64) | Juncus rigidus Desf. (24.14) Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge (12.88) Rhazya stricta Decne. (10.79) Acacia gerrardii Benth. (10.77) Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (9.72) |
Qaseem | 1.6 | 0.74 | Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites (94.20) | Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary (28.61) | Cressa cretica L. (28.23) Juncus rigidus Desf. (15.45) Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult. (8.97) Salicornia europaea L. (6.87) |
Salwa | 1.04 | 0.81 | Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites (66.62) | Zygophyllum album L.f. (41.05) | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (22.40) Juncus rigidus Desf. (15.39) Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary (14.95) Phoenix dactylifera L. (6.48) |
Jouf | 1.53 | 0.75 | Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge (74.68) | Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites (45.61) | Zygophyllum album L.f. (33.48) Cressa cretica L. (28.80) Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary (8.46) |
Jizan | 1.84 | 0.75 | Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary (80.76) | Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites (54.52) | Panicum repens L. (11.23) Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. (11.12) Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult. (8.29) Zygophyllum simplex L. (8.20) |
Parameter | Location | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qareenah | Qaseem | Salwa | Jouf | Jizan | ||
Moisture % | 8.90 ± 1.896 b,# | 21.56 ± 3.456 a | 5.86 ± 2.439 b,c | 4.97 ± 1.005 b,c | 1.82 ± 0.424 c | 0.0001 *** |
pH | 8.38 ± 0.18 a | 8.39 ± 0.14 a | 8.42 ± 0.12 a | 8.12 ± 0.11 a | 8.07 ± 0.21 a | 0.474 |
Clay % | 12.48 ± 0.65 b | 16.80 ± 1.26 a | 14.20 ± 1.99 a,b | 13.24 ± 0.95 a,b | 13.87 ± 0.994 a,b | 0.188 |
Silt % | 19.28 ± 3.22 b,c | 48.40 ± 2.76 a | 8.60 ± 1.60 d | 26.00 ± 10.77 b,c | 42.01 ± 5.272 a,b | 0.0005 *** |
Sand % | 68.24 ± 3.77 a | 34.80 ± 2.52 c | 77.66 ± 3.23 a | 60.76 ± 10.90 a,b | 44.11 ± 5.667 b,c | 0.0004 *** |
EC (dS·m−1) | 13.02 ± 2.83 b,c | 26.30 ± 3.87 a | 22.17 ± 7.65 a,b | 8.63 ± 3.02 c | 9.69 ± 6.76 c | 0.003 ** |
Ca (meq/L) | 19.10 ± 2.33 b | 39.86 ± 3.74 a | 40.07 ± 4.54 a | 22.50 ± 2.93 b | 24.31 ± 16.96 c | 0.003 ** |
Mg (meq/L) | 41.50 ± 10.83 b | 69.13 ± 14.74 a | 31.18 ± 12.79 a | 15.00 ± 3.23 b | 25.76 ± 18.78 c | <0.0001 *** |
Na (meq/L) | 59.53 ± 17.32 a,b | 134.81 ± 33.36 a | 132.43 ± 52.52 b,c | 37.92 ± 17.24 b,c | 42.56 ± 28.836 c | 0.001 ** |
K (meq/L) | 10.49 ± 4.46 a,b | 20.22 ± 4.97 a | 18.25 ± 7.55 a | 11.01 ± 8.95 b | 4.72 ± 3.366 b | 0.02 * |
Cl (meq/L) | 111.40 ± 25.40 a,b | 241.50 ± 40.92 a | 211.80 ± 75.15 a | 78.80 ± 26.48 a,b | 92.62 ± 65.560 b | 0.193 |
SO4 (meq/L) | 15.64 ± 4.63 a,b | 17.78 ± 4.47 a | 6.70 ± 1.67 b,c | 4.73 ± 3.42 c | 0.73 ± 0.048 c | 0.007 ** |
HCO3 (%) | 3.14 ± 0.20 a | 3.58 ± 0.54 a | 2.89 ± 0.39 a,b | 2.04 ± 0.19 b | 0.83 ± 0.229 c | 0.0001 *** |
OM % | 1.63 ± 0.19 a | 1.78 ± 0.37 a | 0.70 ± 0.09 b | 0.67 ± 0.09 b | 0.31 ± 0.041 b | 0.0001 *** |
CaCO3% | 34.84 ± 2.10 a | 15.54 ± 3.38 b | 9.60 ± 4.92 b,c | 4.16 ± 1.47 c,d | 0.55 ± 0.152 d | 0.0001*** |
Location | Quadrat No. | Coordinates | Elevation m a.s.l |
---|---|---|---|
Qareenah | 1 | 25°03′59.7″ N 46°10′47.7″ E | 833 |
2 | 25°03′58.5″ N 46°10′48.1″ E | 824 | |
3 | 25°03′56.6″ N 46°10′49.4″ E | 816 | |
4 | 25°03′55.4″ N 46°10′51.1″ E | 812 | |
5 | 25°03′53.4″ N 46°10′53.8″ E | 810 | |
6 | 25°03′50.5″ N 46°10′52.9″ E | 811 | |
7 | 25°03′53.0″ N 46°10′59.6″ E | 806 | |
Qaseem | 1 | 26°03′17.7″ N 44°08′10.1″ E | 590 |
2 | 26°03′18.5″ N 44°08′15.2″ E | 654 | |
3 | 26°03′14.2″ N 44°08′13.2″ E | 621 | |
4 | 26°03′46.2″ N 44°08′16.3″ E | 603 | |
Salwa | 1 | 24°45′23.5″ N 50°45′13.5″ E | −10 |
2 | 25°43′39.8″ N 50°08′16.4″ E | −9 | |
3 | 25°43′45.5″ N 50°08′02.7″ E | −8 | |
4 | 24°45′04.3″ N 50°45′20.9″ E | −11 | |
Jouf | 1 | 29°49′12.0″ N 39°58′23.6″ E | 565 |
2 | 29°49′16.2″ N 39°58′27.4″ E | 563 | |
3 | 29°49′51.0″ N 39°58′55.9″ E | 558 | |
4 | 29°49′05.1″ N 39°58′08.9″ E | 519 | |
Jizan | 1 | 16°58′06.1″ N 42°33′50.9″ E | 15 |
2 | 16°58′07.3″ N 42°33′42.4″ E | 9 | |
3 | 16°58′08.2″ N 42°33′40.0″ E | 6 | |
4 | 16°58′08.6″ N 42°34′04.9″ E | 4 | |
5 | 16°58′06.8″ N 42°34′01.0″ E | 4 |
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Dar, B.A.; Assaeed, A.M.; Al-Rowaily, S.L.; Al-Doss, A.A.; Abd-ElGawad, A.M. Vegetation Composition of the Halophytic Grass Aeluropus lagopoides Communities within Coastal and Inland Sabkhas of Saudi Arabia. Plants 2022, 11, 666. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11050666
Dar BA, Assaeed AM, Al-Rowaily SL, Al-Doss AA, Abd-ElGawad AM. Vegetation Composition of the Halophytic Grass Aeluropus lagopoides Communities within Coastal and Inland Sabkhas of Saudi Arabia. Plants. 2022; 11(5):666. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11050666
Chicago/Turabian StyleDar, Basharat A., Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Saud L. Al-Rowaily, Abdullah A. Al-Doss, and Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad. 2022. "Vegetation Composition of the Halophytic Grass Aeluropus lagopoides Communities within Coastal and Inland Sabkhas of Saudi Arabia" Plants 11, no. 5: 666. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11050666