Influence of Combustion Chamber Shapes and Nozzle Geometry on Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of CRDI Engine Powered with Biodiesel Blends
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Experimental Setup
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Analysis of Uncertainty
- y—Specific factor which depends on the parameter xi
- Uy—Level of uncertainties or variation in y
3.2. Brake Thermal Efficiency
3.3. Emissions Characteristics
3.3.1. Smoke Emissions
3.3.2. HC-Emissions (HCE) and CO-Emissions (COE)
3.3.3. NOx Emissions
3.4. Combustion Characteristics
3.4.1. Ignition Delay
3.4.2. Combustion Duration
3.4.3. Peak Pressure (PP)
4. Conclusions
- BTE and PP were significantly improved by increasing the number of holes of the injector nozzle for considered B20 blends with low combustion parameters of ID and CD and emissions of HC, CO, and smoke.
- Among the NG selected with varied holes, 8-hole type NG exhibited improved performance characteristics (BTE) with lower emissions of HC, CO, smoke and combustion characteristics of ID, CD, and high PP.
- Significant improvement in BTE and PP is obtained with TrCC for B20 blends with lower combustion parameters of ID, CD, and lower HC, CO, and smoke emissions, respectively.
- Combination of optimized CCS and NG can provide acceptable performance of high-pressure diesel engine fueled with renewable fuels.
- Among considered biodiesels, JAMNSOB(B20) exhibited good performance characteristics (BTE) with lower emissions of HC, CO, smoke and combustion characteristics of ID, CD, and high PP, respectively.
- At 80% load, for jamun seed B20 operation 8-hole injector BTE, NOx, and PP increased by 5.58%, 2.5%, 14.4%. Smoke, HC, CO, ID, CD decreased by 27.5%, 37.9%, 36.8%, 13.3%, 33.3%, decreased when compared to jackfruit using 6-hole injector.
- At 80% load, for jamun seed B20 operation using TRCC BTE, NOx, and PP increased by 7.65%, 3.6%, 23.43%. Smoke, HC, CO, ID, CD decreased by 37.5%, 55.1%, 68.4%, 16.6%, 60% when compared to jackfruit using HCC.
- At 100% load, for jamun seed B20 operation using 8-hole injector BTE, NOx, and PP increased by 6.9%, 2.7%, 10.3%. Smoke, HC, CO, ID, CD decreased by 19.6%, 22.9%, 37.9%, 12.1%, 29.4%, decreased when compared to jackfruit using 6-hole injector.
- At 100% load, for jamun seed B20 operation using TRCC BTE, NOx and PP increased by 9.5%, 3.5%, 18.0%. Smoke, HC, CO, ID, CD decreased by 26.2%, 33.3%, 51.72%, 17%, 44.1% when compared to jackfruit using HCC.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fatty Acids | Cashew Nutshell Oil Vol% | Jamun Seed Oil Vol% | Jackfruit Seed Oil Vol% |
---|---|---|---|
Palmitic C16:0 | 0.89 | 32.18 | 6.60 |
Stearic C18:0 | 11.24 | - | 50.59 |
Oleic C18:1 | 73.8 | 21.09 | 7.68 |
Linoleic C18:2 | 7.67 | 26.04 | 20.40 |
Linoleic C18:3 | 28 | 24.80 | 20.40 |
Fatty Acids | Cashew Nutshell Oil Vol% | Jamun Seed Oil Vol% | Jackfruit Seed Oil Vol% |
---|---|---|---|
Palmitic C16:0 | 12.5 | 4.7 | 2 |
Stearic C18:0 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 1.5 |
Oleic C18:1 | 28.9 | 32.2 | 5 |
Linoleic C18:2 | 35.5 | 16.1 | 30 |
Linoleic C18:3 | 16.5 | 21 | 4.5 |
Parameters | Diesel | Jackfruit Seed Oil (B20) | Cashew Nutshell Oil (B20) | Jamun Seed Oil (B20) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Density (kg/m3) | 830 | 925 | 858 | 861 |
Calorific value (kJ/kg) | 43,000 | 38,712 | 38,912 | 39,716 |
Flashpoint (°C) | 54 | 203 | 111 | 116 |
Cetane Number | 45–55 | 50 | 48 | 48 |
Kinematic Viscosity, cSt | 2.3 | 4.3 | 4.12 | 4.62 |
Specific Gravity | 0.845 | 0.925 | 0.858 | 0.861 |
Type of oil | Fossil fuel | Non-Edible | Non-Edible | Non-Edible |
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Teja, K.M.V.R.; Prasad, P.I.; Reddy, K.V.K.; Banapurmath, N.R.; Soudagar, M.E.M.; Khan, T.M.Y.; Badruddin, I.A. Influence of Combustion Chamber Shapes and Nozzle Geometry on Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of CRDI Engine Powered with Biodiesel Blends. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9613. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13179613
Teja KMVR, Prasad PI, Reddy KVK, Banapurmath NR, Soudagar MEM, Khan TMY, Badruddin IA. Influence of Combustion Chamber Shapes and Nozzle Geometry on Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of CRDI Engine Powered with Biodiesel Blends. Sustainability. 2021; 13(17):9613. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13179613
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeja, K. M. V. Ravi, P. Issac Prasad, K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy, N. R. Banapurmath, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, T. M. Yunus Khan, and Irfan Anjum Badruddin. 2021. "Influence of Combustion Chamber Shapes and Nozzle Geometry on Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of CRDI Engine Powered with Biodiesel Blends" Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9613. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13179613