Synthesis, Anti-Influenza H1N1 and Anti-Dengue Activity of A-Ring Modified Oleanonic Acid Polyamine Derivatives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemistry
2.2. Anti-Influenza A H7N1 Virus Activity
2.3. Anti-Dengue Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of Compounds (2–4, 6)
3.2.1. N-(3-Oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-homopiperazine Amide (2)
3.2.2. N-(3-Oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-spermine Amide (3)
3.2.3. N-(3-Oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-spermidine Amide (4)
3.2.4. N-(3-Oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-aminoethylpiperazine Amide (6)
3.3. Synthesis of Compounds (7, 8)
3.3.1. N-([3,2b]-Indolo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-homopiperazine Amide (7)
3.3.2. N-([3,2b]-Indolo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-spermine Amide (8)
3.4. Synthesis of Compounds (9, 10)
3.4.1. Ethyl N-Benzyl-N-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-glycylglycinate (9)
3.4.2. Ethyl N-Benzyl-N-2,3-indolo-olean-12-en-28-glycylglycinate (10)
3.5. Synthesis of Compound (11)
N-(3-Oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-4′-cyanomethyl-homopiperazine Amide (11)
3.6. Synthesis of Compound (12)
N-(3-Oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-4′-tetrazolomethyl-homopiperazine Amide (12)
3.7. Synthesis of Compounds (15, 16)
3.7.1. 3β-Hydroxy-2-(3-pyridinoylidene)-olean-12-en-28-oic Acid (15)
3.7.2. 3β-Hydroxy-2-(4-pyridinoylidene)-olean-12-en-28-oic Acid (16)
3.8. Synthesis of Compounds (17–20)
3.8.1. N-(2-{3-Pyridinoylidene}-3-oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-homopiperazine Amide (17)
3.8.2. N-(2-{3-Pyridinoylidene}-3-oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-spermine Amide (18)
3.8.3. N-(2-{4-Pyridinoylidene}-3-oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-homopiperazine Amide (19)
3.8.4. N-(2-{4-Pyridinoylidene}-3-oxo-olean-12(13)-en-28-oyl)-spermine Amide (20)
3.9. Synthesis of Compound (22)
Methyl 3β-N-phthalyl-olean-12(13)-en-28-oate (22)
3.10. Biological Activity
3.10.1. Cytotoxicity Assay
3.10.2. CPE Reduction Assay
3.11. Dengue Virus Propagation
3.11.1. Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT)
Preparation of Cells in 24-Well-Plates
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT)
3.12. Cytotoxic Assay
3.13. Statistics
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
- Kvasnica, M.; Urban, M.N.; Dickinson, J.; Sarek, J. Pentacyclic triterpenoids with nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocycles: Synthesis and medicinal significance. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2015, 32, 1303–1330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Salvador, J.A.R.; Daniela, A.S.L.; Alho, P.S.; Gonçalves, B.M.F.; Valdeira, A.S.; Mendes, V.I.S.; Jing, Y. Chapter 2—Highlights of pentacyclic triterpenoids in the cancer settings. Studies in Nat. Prod. Chem. 2014, 41, 33–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghiulai, R.; Rosca, O.J.; Antal, D.S.; Mioc, M.; Mioc, A.; Racoviceanu, R.; Macaşoi, I.; Olario, T.; Dehelean, C.; Creţu, O.M.; et al. Tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenes with high therapeutic efficiency in wound healing approaches. Molecules 2020, 25, 5557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Salvador, J.A.R.; Leal, A.S.; Valdeira, A.S.; Goncalves, B.M.F.; Alho, D.P.S.; Figueiredo, S.A.C.; Silvestre, S.M.; Mendes, V.I.S. Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2017, 142, 95–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hoenke, S.; Christoph, M.; Friedrich, S.; Heise, N.; Brandes, B.; Deigner, H.-P.; Al-Harrasi, A.; Csuk, R. The presence of a cyclohexyldiamine moiety confers cytotoxicity to pentacyclic triterpenoids. Molecules. 2021, 26, 2102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pai, S.R.; Upadhya, V.; Hegde, H.V.; Joshi, R.K.; Kholkute, S.D. Determination of betulinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Achyranthes aspera L. using RP-UFLC-DAD analysis and evaluation of various parameters for their optimum yield. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2016, 54, 196–202. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Javed, S.; Oise, I.E.; Nahar, L.; Ismail, F.M.D.; Mahmood, Z.; Sarker, S.D. Isolation, Identification and Antiproliferative Activity of Triterpenes from the Genus Monotheca A. DC. Rec. Nat. Prod. 2016, 10, 782–787. [Google Scholar]
- Vetal, M.D.; Chavan, R.S.; Rathod, V.K. Microwave assisted extraction of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from Ocimum sanctum. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 2014, 19, 720–726. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, W.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.; Sun, D.; Li, H.; Chen, L. Recent Progress in Oleanolic Acid: Structural Modification and Biological Activity. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2022, 22, 3–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yu, Z.; Sun, W.; Peng, W.; Yu, R.; Li, G.; Jiang, T. Pharmacokineti Partially in vitro and in vivo of two novel prodrugs of oleanolic acid in rats and its hepatoprotective effects against liver injury induced by CCl4. Mol. Pharm. 2016, 13, 1699–1710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gupta, N. A Review on Recent Developments in the Anticancer Potential of Oleanolic Acid and its Analogs (2017–2020). Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 2022, 22, 600–616. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khwaza, V.; Oyedeji, O.; Aderibigbe, B. Antiviral Activities of Oleanolic Acid and Its Analogues. Molecules. 2018, 23, 2300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kaushik, S.; Dar, L.; Kaushik, S.; Yadav, J.P. Anti-dengue activity of super critical extract and isolated oleanolic acid of Leucas cephalotes using in vitro and in silico approach. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 2021, 21, 227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, W.; Yang, F.; Meng, L.; Sun, J.; Su, Y.; Shao, L.; Zhou, D.; Yu, F. Synthesis, Structure Activity Relationship and Anti-influenza A Virus Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid-Linear Amino Derivatives. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2019, 67, 1201–1207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Li, H.; Cheng, C.; Li, S.; Wu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Liu, M.; Chen, J.; Zhong, Q.; Zhang, X.; Liu, S.; et al. Discovery and structural optimization of 3-O-b-chacotriosyl oleanane-type triterpenoids as potent entry inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. Eur J Med Chem. 2021, 215, 113242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, Z.J.; Zhang, Y.H.; Zhao, L.; Jing, Y.W.; Lai, Y.S.; Zhang, L.Y.; Guo, Q.; Yuan, S.; Zhang, J.; Peng, S.; et al. Synthesis and anti-human hepatocellular carcinoma activity of new nitric oxide-releasing glycosyl derivatives of oleanolic acid. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 632–639. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meng, L.; Su, Y.; Yang, F.; Xiao, S.; Yin, Z.; Liu, J.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, D.; Yu, F. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of amino acids-oleanolic acid conjugates as influenza virus inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2019, 27, 115147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Su, Y.; Meng, L.; Sun, J.; Li, W.; Shao, L.; Chen, K.; Zhou, D.; Yang, F.; Yu, F. Design, synthesis of oleanolic acid-saccharide conjugates using click chemistry methodology and study of their anti-influenza activity. Europ. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 182, 111622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shao, L.; Yang, F.; Su, Y.; Li, W.; Zhang, J.; Xu, H.; Huang, B.; Sun, M.; Mu, Y.; Zhang, Y. Design and Synthesis of Oleanolic Acid Trimers to Enhance Inhibition of Influenza Virus Entry. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12, 1759–1765. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Özdemir, Z.; Bildziukevich, U.; Čapková, M.; Lovecká, P.; Rárová, L.; Šaman, D.; Zgarbova, M.; Lapuníkova, B.; Weber, J.; Kazakova, O.; et al. Triterpenoid–PEG ribbons targeting selectivity in pharmacological effects. Biomedicines. 2021, 9, 951. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heller, L.; Knorrscheidt, A.; Flemming, F.; Wiemann, J.; Sommerwerk, S.; Pavel, I.Z.; Al-Harrasi, A.; Csuk, R. Synthesis and proapoptotic activity of oleanolic acid derived amides. Bioorg. Chem. 2016, 68, 137–151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Spivak, A.Y.; Khalitova, R.R.; Nedopekina, D.A.; Gubaidullin, R.R. Antimicrobial properties of amine- and guanidine-functionalized derivatives of betulinic, ursolic and oleanolic acids: Synthesis and structure-activity evaluation. Steroids 2020, 154, 108530. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vida, N.; Svobodová, H.; Rárová, L.; Drašar, P.; Šaman, D.; Cvačka, J.; Wimmer, Z. Polyamine conjugates of stigmasterol. Steroids 2012, 77, 1212–1218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bildziukevich, U.; Malík, M.; Özdemir, Z.; Rárová, L.; Janovská, L.; Šlouf, M.; Šaman, D.; Šarek, J.; Nonappa, N.; Wimmer, Z. Spermine amides of selected triterpenoid acids: Dynamic supramolecular system formation influences the cytotoxicity of the drugs. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2020, 8, 484–491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bildziukevich, U.; Kaletová, E.; Šaman, D.; Sievänen, E.; Kolehmainen, E.T.; Šlouf, M.; Wimmer, Z. Spectral and microscopic study of self-assembly of novel cationic spermine amides of betulinic acid. Steroids 2017, 117, 90–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kazakova, O.B.; Brunel, J.M.; Khusnutdinova, E.F.; Negrel, S.; Giniyatullina, G.V.; Lopatina, T.V.; Petrova, A.V. A-Ring-modified triterpenoids and their spermidine–aldimines with strong antibacterial activity. Molblank 2019, 3, M1078. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Khusnutdinova, E.F.; Sinou, V.; Babkov, D.A.; Kazakova, O.B.; Brunel, J.M. Development of New Antimicrobial Oleanonic Acid Polyamine Conjugates. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kazakova, O.B.; Giniuatullina, G.V.; Babkov, D.V.; Wimmer, Z. From Marine Metabolites to the Drugs of the Future: Squalamine, Trodusquemine, Their Steroid and Triterpene Analogues. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1075. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Özdemir, Z.; Šaman, D.; Bednárová, L.; Pazderková, M.; Janovská, L.; Nonappa, N.; Wimmer, Z. Aging-Induced Structural Transition of Nanoscale Oleanolic Acid Amphiphiles and Selectivity against Gram-Positive Bacteria. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2022, 5, 3799–3810. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hao, Y.; Hua, D.; Miao, T.; Wang, S.; Jin, X.; Gu, W. Synthesis, crystal structure and antitumor activity of a new indolequinone derivative of ursolic acid. Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 2016, 35, 1167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gupta, N.; Rath, S.K.; Singh, J.; Qayum, A.; Singh, S.; Sangwan, P.L. Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2017, 135, 517. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khusnutdinova, E.; Galimova, Z.; Lobov, A.; Baikova, I.; Kazakova, O.; Thu, H.N.T.; Tuyen, N.V.; Gatilov, Y.; Csuk, R.; Serbian, S.; et al. Synthesis of messagenin and platanic acid chalcone derivatives and their biological potential. Nat. Prod. Res. 2021, 36, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khusnutdinova, E.F.; Petrova, A.V.; Kukovinets, O.S.; Kazakova, O.B. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 28-N-propargylaminoalkylated 2,3-indolotriterpenic acids. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2018, 13, 665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Khusnutdinova, E.; Petrova, A.; Zileeva, Z.; Kuzmina, U.; Zainullina, L.; Vakhitova, Y.; Babkov, D.; Kazakova, O. Novel A-ring chalcone derivatives of oleanolic and ursolic amides with anti-proliferative effect mediated through ROS-triggered apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9796. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kazakova, O.; Rubanik, L.; Lobov, A.; Poleshchuk, N.; Baikova, I.; Kapustina, Y.; Petrova, A.; Korzun, T.; Lopatina, T.; Fedorova, A.; et al. Synthesis of erythrodiol C-ring derivatives and their activity against Chlamydia trachomatis. Steroids 2021, 175, 108912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, W.; Lei, L.; Liu, Z.; Wang, H.; Meng, Q. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel nitrogen heterocycle-containing ursolic acid analogs as antitumor agents. Molecules 2019, 24, 877. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kazakova, O.B.; Medvedeva, N.I.; Samoilova, I.A.; Baikova, I.P.; Tolstikov, G.A.; Kataev, V.E.; Mironov, V.F. Conjugates of several lupane, oleanane, and ursane triterpenoids with the antituberculosis drug isoniazid and pyridinecarboxaldehydes. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2011, 47, 752–758. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wrzeciono, U.; Turowska, W.; Gorczynska, L. Nitrogen derivatives of triterpenes. VII. Products of the reduction of oleanonic acid oxime and its methyl ester. Roczniki Chem. 1973, 47, 955–962. [Google Scholar]
- Ghose, A.K.; Viswanadhan, V.N.; Wendoloski, J.J.J. A knowledge-based approach in designing combinatorial or medicinal chemistry libraries for drug discovery. 1. A qualitative and quantitative characterization of known drug databases. Combinat. Chem. 1999, 1, 55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, G.; Shen, X.; Li, S.; Li, Y.; Liu, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Lin, R.; Fan, J.; Ye, H.; Liu, S. Structure-activity relationships of 3-O-beta-chacotriosyl ursolic acid derivatives as novel H5N1 entry inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2015, 93, 431–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boreko, E.I.; Pavlova, N.I.; Savinova, O.V.; Nikolaeva, S.N.; Flekhter, O.B.; Phyzhova, N.S. Inhibition of virus reproduction and proteinase activity by lupane and some other terpenes. J. Biomed. Sci. 2002, 3, 86–90. [Google Scholar]
- Flekhter, O.B.; Ashavina, O.Y.; Smirnova, I.E.; Baltina, L.A.; Galin, F.Z.; Kabal’nova, N.N.; Tolstikov, G.A. Selective oxidation of triterpene alcohols by sodium hypochlorite. Chem. Nat. Comp. 2004, 40, 141–143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smirnova, I.E.; Kazakova, O.B. Structure—Anti-influenza type A activity relationship among a series of nitrogen lupane triterpenoids. Nat. Prod. Comm. 2018, 13, 1267–1270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tolmacheva, I.A.; Igosheva, E.V.; Savinova, O.V.; Boreko, E.I.; Grishko, V.V. Synthesis and antiviral activity of C-3(C-28)-substituted 2,3-seco-triterpenoids. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2014, 49, 1050–1058. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gupta, S.; Kalani, K.; Saxena, M.; Srivastava, S.K.; Agrawal, S.K.; Suri, N.; Saxena, A.K. Cytotoxic Evaluation of Semisynthetic Ester and Amide Derivatives of Oleanolic Acid. Nat. Prod. Comm. 2010, 5, 1567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hodon, J.L.; Pokorny, J.; Kazakova, A.; Urban, M. Design and synthesis of pentacyclic triterpene conjugates and their use in medicinal research. Eur. J. Med.Chem. 2019, 15, 111653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Smirnova, I.; Petrova, A.; Lobov, A.; Minnibaeva, E.; Tran, T.P.T.; Tran, V.L.; Khine, M.; Esulakova, I.; Slita, A.; Zarubaev, V.; et al. Azepanodipterocarpol is potential candidate for inhibits influenza H1N1 type among other lupane, oleanane, and dammarane A-ring amino-triterpenoids. J. Antibiot. 2022, 75, 258–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pęcak, P.; Orzechowska, B.; Chrobak, E.; Boryczka, S. Novel betulin dicarboxylic acid ester derivatives as potent antiviral agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, structure-activity relationship and in-silico study. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2021, 225, 113738. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alvarenga, T.A.; Bêdo, T.R.O.; Braguine, C.G.; Gonçalves, U.O.; Magalhães, L.G.; Rodrigues, V.; Gimenez, V.M.M.; Groppo, M.; Silva, M.L.A.; Cunha, W.R.; et al. Evaluation of Cuspidaria pulchra and its isolated compounds against Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worms. Int. J. Biotechn. Wellness Ind. 2012, 1, 122–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Crance, J.M.; Scaramozzino, N.; Jouan, A.; Garin, D. Interferon, Ribavirin, 6-Azauridine and Glycyrrhizin: Antiviral Compounds. Active against Pathogenic Flaviviruses. Antivir. Res. 2003, 58, 73–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baltina, L.A.; Tasi, Y.-T.; Huang, S.-H.; Lai, H.-C.; Baltina, L.A.; Petrova, S.F.; Yunusov, M.S.; Lin, C.-W. Glycyrrhizic acid derivatives as Dengue virus inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2019, 29, 126645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hour, M.-J.; Chen, Y.; Lin, C.-S.; Baltina, L.A.; Kan, J.-Y.; Tsai, Y.-T.; Kiu, Y.-T.; Lai, H.-C.; Baltina, L.A.; Petrova, S.F.; et al. Glycyrrhizic Acid Derivatives Bearing Amino Acid Residues in the Carbohydrate Part as Dengue Virus E Protein Inhibitors: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 10309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Available online: https://www.the-easia.org/jrp/pdf/cfp09/easia_9th_selected_projects_health.pdf (accessed on 23 November 2022).
- Vistica, D.T.; Skehan, P.; Scudiero, D.; Monks, A.; Pittman, A.; Boyd, M.R. Tetrazolium-based assays for cellular viability: A critical examination of selected parameters affecting formazan production. Cancer Res. 1991, 51, 2515–2520. [Google Scholar]
- Scudiero, D.A.; Shoemaker, R.H.; Paull, K.D.; Monks, A.; Tierney, S.; Nofziger, T.H.; Currens, M.J.; Seniff, D.; Boyd, M.R. Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cellgrowth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines. Cancer Res. 1988, 48, 4827–4833. [Google Scholar]
Compound a | CC50, μM b | IC50, μM c | SI d |
---|---|---|---|
2 | >560 | 21 ± 3 | >27 |
5 | 50 ± 4 | >20 | >2 |
6 | 442 ± 31 | 82 ± 10 | 5 |
8 | >140 | 27 ± 4 | >5 |
9 | >437 | 41 ± 5 | >11 |
10 | 121 ± 9 | 39 ± 4 | 3 |
11 | >522 | 45 ± 6 | >12 |
21 | 18 [40] | 7.9 [40] | 2 [40] |
22 | >486 | 12 ± 2 | >42 |
Rimantadine | 344 ± 19 | 61 ± 8 | 6 |
Oseltamivir carboxylate | >200 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | >667 |
Compound | CC50, μM a | PRNT50, μM b | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DENV-1 | DENV-2 | DENV-3 | DENV-4 | ||
5 | >463 | 220 ± 14 | 372 ± 15 | 452 ± 26 | 433 ± 31 |
6 | 111 ± 8 | 67 ± 4 | 86 ± 5 | >111 | 110 ± 8 |
7 | >410 | 164 ± 11 | 105 ± 7 | >410 | 371 ± 16 |
8 | >351 | 336 ± 22 | 347 ± 21 | >351 | 336 ± 28 |
23 | >544 | 107 ± 7 | 68 ± 3 | 228 ± 16 | 108 ± 5 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Smirnova, I.; Petrova, A.; Giniyatullina, G.; Smirnova, A.; Volobueva, A.; Pavlyukova, J.; Zarubaev, V.; Loc, T.V.; Tran Thi Phoung, T.; Hau, V.T.B.; et al. Synthesis, Anti-Influenza H1N1 and Anti-Dengue Activity of A-Ring Modified Oleanonic Acid Polyamine Derivatives. Molecules 2022, 27, 8499. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27238499
Smirnova I, Petrova A, Giniyatullina G, Smirnova A, Volobueva A, Pavlyukova J, Zarubaev V, Loc TV, Tran Thi Phoung T, Hau VTB, et al. Synthesis, Anti-Influenza H1N1 and Anti-Dengue Activity of A-Ring Modified Oleanonic Acid Polyamine Derivatives. Molecules. 2022; 27(23):8499. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27238499
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmirnova, Irina, Anastasiya Petrova, Gul’nara Giniyatullina, Anna Smirnova, Alexandrina Volobueva, Julia Pavlyukova, Vladimir Zarubaev, Tran Van Loc, Thao Tran Thi Phoung, Vu Thi Bich Hau, and et al. 2022. "Synthesis, Anti-Influenza H1N1 and Anti-Dengue Activity of A-Ring Modified Oleanonic Acid Polyamine Derivatives" Molecules 27, no. 23: 8499. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27238499